/******************************************************************************
 *
 * Project:  OpenGIS Simple Features Reference Implementation
 * Purpose:  The generic portions of the OGRSFLayer class.
 * Author:   Frank Warmerdam, warmerdam@pobox.com
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 * Copyright (c) 1999,  Les Technologies SoftMap Inc.
 * Copyright (c) 2008-2014, Even Rouault <even dot rouault at spatialys.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 ****************************************************************************/

#include "ogrsf_frmts.h"
#include "ogr_api.h"
#include "ogr_p.h"
#include "ogr_attrind.h"
#include "ogr_swq.h"
#include "ograpispy.h"
#include "ogr_wkb.h"
#include "ogrlayer_private.h"

#include "cpl_time.h"
#include <cassert>
#include <cmath>
#include <limits>
#include <set>

/************************************************************************/
/*                              OGRLayer()                              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::OGRLayer()
    : m_poPrivate(new Private()), m_bFilterIsEnvelope(FALSE),
      m_poFilterGeom(nullptr),
      m_pPreparedFilterGeom(nullptr), m_sFilterEnvelope{},
      m_iGeomFieldFilter(0), m_poStyleTable(nullptr), m_poAttrQuery(nullptr),
      m_pszAttrQueryString(nullptr), m_poAttrIndex(nullptr), m_nRefCount(0),
      m_nFeaturesRead(0)
{
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             ~OGRLayer()                              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::~OGRLayer()

{
    if (m_poStyleTable)
    {
        delete m_poStyleTable;
        m_poStyleTable = nullptr;
    }

    if (m_poAttrIndex != nullptr)
    {
        delete m_poAttrIndex;
        m_poAttrIndex = nullptr;
    }

    if (m_poAttrQuery != nullptr)
    {
        delete m_poAttrQuery;
        m_poAttrQuery = nullptr;
    }

    CPLFree(m_pszAttrQueryString);

    if (m_poFilterGeom)
    {
        delete m_poFilterGeom;
        m_poFilterGeom = nullptr;
    }

    if (m_pPreparedFilterGeom != nullptr)
    {
        OGRDestroyPreparedGeometry(m_pPreparedFilterGeom);
        m_pPreparedFilterGeom = nullptr;
    }

    if (m_poSharedArrowArrayStreamPrivateData != nullptr)
    {
        m_poSharedArrowArrayStreamPrivateData->m_poLayer = nullptr;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             Reference()                              */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRLayer::Reference()

{
    return ++m_nRefCount;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_Reference()                           */
/************************************************************************/

int OGR_L_Reference(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_Reference", 0);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->Reference();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            Dereference()                             */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRLayer::Dereference()

{
    return --m_nRefCount;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_Dereference()                          */
/************************************************************************/

int OGR_L_Dereference(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_Dereference", 0);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->Dereference();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetRefCount()                             */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRLayer::GetRefCount() const

{
    return m_nRefCount;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_GetRefCount()                          */
/************************************************************************/

int OGR_L_GetRefCount(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetRefCount", 0);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetRefCount();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         GetFeatureCount()                            */
/************************************************************************/

GIntBig OGRLayer::GetFeatureCount(int bForce)

{
    if (!bForce)
        return -1;

    GIntBig nFeatureCount = 0;
    for (auto &&poFeature : *this)
    {
        CPL_IGNORE_RET_VAL(poFeature.get());
        nFeatureCount++;
    }
    ResetReading();

    return nFeatureCount;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGR_L_GetFeatureCount()                         */
/************************************************************************/

GIntBig OGR_L_GetFeatureCount(OGRLayerH hLayer, int bForce)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetFeatureCount", 0);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetFeatureCount(hLayer, bForce);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetFeatureCount(bForce);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetExtent()                              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::GetExtent(OGREnvelope *psExtent, int bForce)

{
    return GetExtentInternal(0, psExtent, bForce);
}

OGRErr OGRLayer::GetExtent(int iGeomField, OGREnvelope *psExtent, int bForce)

{
    if (iGeomField == 0)
        return GetExtent(psExtent, bForce);
    else
        return GetExtentInternal(iGeomField, psExtent, bForce);
}

OGRErr OGRLayer::GetExtent3D(int iGeomField, OGREnvelope3D *psExtent3D,
                             int bForce)

{
    psExtent3D->MinX = 0.0;
    psExtent3D->MaxX = 0.0;
    psExtent3D->MinY = 0.0;
    psExtent3D->MaxY = 0.0;
    psExtent3D->MinZ = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
    psExtent3D->MaxZ = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If this layer has a none geometry type, then we can             */
    /*      reasonably assume there are not extents available.              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (iGeomField < 0 || iGeomField >= GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() ||
        GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomField)->GetType() == wkbNone)
    {
        if (iGeomField != 0)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Invalid geometry field index : %d", iGeomField);
        }
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If not forced, we should avoid having to scan all the           */
    /*      features and just return a failure.                             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (!bForce)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      OK, we hate to do this, but go ahead and read through all       */
    /*      the features to collect geometries and build extents.           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGREnvelope3D oEnv;
    bool bExtentSet = false;

    for (auto &&poFeature : *this)
    {
        OGRGeometry *poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(iGeomField);
        if (poGeom == nullptr || poGeom->IsEmpty())
        {
            /* Do nothing */
        }
        else if (!bExtentSet)
        {
            poGeom->getEnvelope(psExtent3D);
            // This is required because getEnvelope initializes Z to 0 for 2D geometries
            if (!poGeom->Is3D())
            {
                psExtent3D->MinZ = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
                psExtent3D->MaxZ = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
            }
            bExtentSet = true;
        }
        else
        {
            poGeom->getEnvelope(&oEnv);
            // This is required because getEnvelope initializes Z to 0 for 2D geometries
            if (!poGeom->Is3D())
            {
                oEnv.MinZ = std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
                oEnv.MaxZ = -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity();
            }
            // Merge handles infinity correctly
            psExtent3D->Merge(oEnv);
        }
    }
    ResetReading();

    return bExtentSet ? OGRERR_NONE : OGRERR_FAILURE;
}

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
OGRErr OGRLayer::GetExtentInternal(int iGeomField, OGREnvelope *psExtent,
                                   int bForce)

{
    psExtent->MinX = 0.0;
    psExtent->MaxX = 0.0;
    psExtent->MinY = 0.0;
    psExtent->MaxY = 0.0;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If this layer has a none geometry type, then we can             */
    /*      reasonably assume there are not extents available.              */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (iGeomField < 0 || iGeomField >= GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() ||
        GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomField)->GetType() == wkbNone)
    {
        if (iGeomField != 0)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Invalid geometry field index : %d", iGeomField);
        }
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If not forced, we should avoid having to scan all the           */
    /*      features and just return a failure.                             */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (!bForce)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      OK, we hate to do this, but go ahead and read through all       */
    /*      the features to collect geometries and build extents.           */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGREnvelope oEnv;
    bool bExtentSet = false;

    for (auto &&poFeature : *this)
    {
        OGRGeometry *poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(iGeomField);
        if (poGeom == nullptr || poGeom->IsEmpty())
        {
            /* Do nothing */
        }
        else if (!bExtentSet)
        {
            poGeom->getEnvelope(psExtent);
            if (!(std::isnan(psExtent->MinX) || std::isnan(psExtent->MinY) ||
                  std::isnan(psExtent->MaxX) || std::isnan(psExtent->MaxY)))
            {
                bExtentSet = true;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            poGeom->getEnvelope(&oEnv);
            if (oEnv.MinX < psExtent->MinX)
                psExtent->MinX = oEnv.MinX;
            if (oEnv.MinY < psExtent->MinY)
                psExtent->MinY = oEnv.MinY;
            if (oEnv.MaxX > psExtent->MaxX)
                psExtent->MaxX = oEnv.MaxX;
            if (oEnv.MaxY > psExtent->MaxY)
                psExtent->MaxY = oEnv.MaxY;
        }
    }
    ResetReading();

    return bExtentSet ? OGRERR_NONE : OGRERR_FAILURE;
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_GetExtent()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_GetExtent(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGREnvelope *psExtent, int bForce)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetExtent", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetExtent(hLayer, bForce);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetExtent(psExtent, bForce);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_GetExtentEx()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_GetExtentEx(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                         OGREnvelope *psExtent, int bForce)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetExtentEx", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetExtentEx(hLayer, iGeomField, bForce);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetExtent(iGeomField, psExtent,
                                                   bForce);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_GetExtent3D()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_GetExtent3D(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                         OGREnvelope3D *psExtent3D, int bForce)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetExtent3D", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetExtent3D(hLayer, iGeomField, bForce);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetExtent3D(iGeomField, psExtent3D,
                                                     bForce);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         SetAttributeFilter()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::SetAttributeFilter(const char *pszQuery)

{
    CPLFree(m_pszAttrQueryString);
    m_pszAttrQueryString = (pszQuery) ? CPLStrdup(pszQuery) : nullptr;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Are we just clearing any existing query?                        */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (pszQuery == nullptr || strlen(pszQuery) == 0)
    {
        if (m_poAttrQuery)
        {
            delete m_poAttrQuery;
            m_poAttrQuery = nullptr;
            ResetReading();
        }
        return OGRERR_NONE;
    }

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Or are we installing a new query?                               */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGRErr eErr;

    if (!m_poAttrQuery)
        m_poAttrQuery = new OGRFeatureQuery();

    eErr = m_poAttrQuery->Compile(this, pszQuery);
    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
    {
        delete m_poAttrQuery;
        m_poAttrQuery = nullptr;
    }

    ResetReading();

    return eErr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        ContainGeomSpecialField()                     */
/************************************************************************/

static int ContainGeomSpecialField(swq_expr_node *expr, int nLayerFieldCount)
{
    if (expr->eNodeType == SNT_COLUMN)
    {
        if (expr->table_index == 0 && expr->field_index != -1)
        {
            int nSpecialFieldIdx = expr->field_index - nLayerFieldCount;
            return nSpecialFieldIdx == SPF_OGR_GEOMETRY ||
                   nSpecialFieldIdx == SPF_OGR_GEOM_WKT ||
                   nSpecialFieldIdx == SPF_OGR_GEOM_AREA;
        }
    }
    else if (expr->eNodeType == SNT_OPERATION)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < expr->nSubExprCount; i++)
        {
            if (ContainGeomSpecialField(expr->papoSubExpr[i], nLayerFieldCount))
                return TRUE;
        }
    }
    return FALSE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                AttributeFilterEvaluationNeedsGeometry()              */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
int OGRLayer::AttributeFilterEvaluationNeedsGeometry()
{
    if (!m_poAttrQuery)
        return FALSE;

    swq_expr_node *expr =
        static_cast<swq_expr_node *>(m_poAttrQuery->GetSWQExpr());
    int nLayerFieldCount = GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldCount();

    return ContainGeomSpecialField(expr, nLayerFieldCount);
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGR_L_SetAttributeFilter()                      */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_SetAttributeFilter(OGRLayerH hLayer, const char *pszQuery)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetAttributeFilter",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetAttributeFilter(hLayer, pszQuery);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetAttributeFilter(pszQuery);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetFeature()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeature *OGRLayer::GetFeature(GIntBig nFID)

{
    /* Save old attribute and spatial filters */
    char *pszOldFilter =
        m_pszAttrQueryString ? CPLStrdup(m_pszAttrQueryString) : nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *poOldFilterGeom =
        (m_poFilterGeom != nullptr) ? m_poFilterGeom->clone() : nullptr;
    int iOldGeomFieldFilter = m_iGeomFieldFilter;
    /* Unset filters */
    SetAttributeFilter(nullptr);
    SetSpatialFilter(0, nullptr);

    OGRFeatureUniquePtr poFeature;
    for (auto &&poFeatureIter : *this)
    {
        if (poFeatureIter->GetFID() == nFID)
        {
            poFeature.swap(poFeatureIter);
            break;
        }
    }

    /* Restore filters */
    SetAttributeFilter(pszOldFilter);
    CPLFree(pszOldFilter);
    SetSpatialFilter(iOldGeomFieldFilter, poOldFilterGeom);
    delete poOldFilterGeom;

    return poFeature.release();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_GetFeature()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeatureH OGR_L_GetFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer, GIntBig nFeatureId)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetFeature", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetFeature(hLayer, nFeatureId);
#endif

    return OGRFeature::ToHandle(
        OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetFeature(nFeatureId));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           SetNextByIndex()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::SetNextByIndex(GIntBig nIndex)

{
    if (nIndex < 0)
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;

    ResetReading();

    OGRFeature *poFeature = nullptr;
    while (nIndex-- > 0)
    {
        poFeature = GetNextFeature();
        if (poFeature == nullptr)
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;

        delete poFeature;
    }

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_SetNextByIndex()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_SetNextByIndex(OGRLayerH hLayer, GIntBig nIndex)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetNextByIndex", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetNextByIndex(hLayer, nIndex);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetNextByIndex(nIndex);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_GetNextFeature()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeatureH OGR_L_GetNextFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetNextFeature", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetNextFeature(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRFeature::ToHandle(OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetNextFeature());
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       ConvertGeomsIfNecessary()                      */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRLayer::ConvertGeomsIfNecessary(OGRFeature *poFeature)
{
    if (!m_poPrivate->m_bConvertGeomsIfNecessaryAlreadyCalled)
    {
        // One time initialization
        m_poPrivate->m_bConvertGeomsIfNecessaryAlreadyCalled = true;
        m_poPrivate->m_bSupportsCurve =
            CPL_TO_BOOL(TestCapability(OLCCurveGeometries));
        m_poPrivate->m_bSupportsM =
            CPL_TO_BOOL(TestCapability(OLCMeasuredGeometries));
        if (CPLTestBool(
                CPLGetConfigOption("OGR_APPLY_GEOM_SET_PRECISION", "FALSE")))
        {
            const auto poFeatureDefn = GetLayerDefn();
            const int nGeomFieldCount = poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
            for (int i = 0; i < nGeomFieldCount; i++)
            {
                const double dfXYResolution = poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(i)
                                                  ->GetCoordinatePrecision()
                                                  .dfXYResolution;
                if (dfXYResolution != OGRGeomCoordinatePrecision::UNKNOWN &&
                    OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
                {
                    m_poPrivate->m_bApplyGeomSetPrecision = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (!m_poPrivate->m_bSupportsCurve || !m_poPrivate->m_bSupportsM ||
        m_poPrivate->m_bApplyGeomSetPrecision)
    {
        const auto poFeatureDefn = GetLayerDefn();
        const int nGeomFieldCount = poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
        for (int i = 0; i < nGeomFieldCount; i++)
        {
            OGRGeometry *poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(i);
            if (poGeom)
            {
                if (!m_poPrivate->m_bSupportsM &&
                    OGR_GT_HasM(poGeom->getGeometryType()))
                {
                    poGeom->setMeasured(FALSE);
                }

                if (!m_poPrivate->m_bSupportsCurve &&
                    OGR_GT_IsNonLinear(poGeom->getGeometryType()))
                {
                    OGRwkbGeometryType eTargetType =
                        OGR_GT_GetLinear(poGeom->getGeometryType());
                    poGeom = OGRGeometryFactory::forceTo(
                        poFeature->StealGeometry(i), eTargetType);
                    poFeature->SetGeomFieldDirectly(i, poGeom);
                    poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(i);
                }

                if (poGeom && m_poPrivate->m_bApplyGeomSetPrecision)
                {
                    const double dfXYResolution =
                        poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(i)
                            ->GetCoordinatePrecision()
                            .dfXYResolution;
                    if (dfXYResolution != OGRGeomCoordinatePrecision::UNKNOWN &&
                        !poGeom->hasCurveGeometry())
                    {
                        auto poNewGeom = poGeom->SetPrecision(dfXYResolution,
                                                              /* nFlags = */ 0);
                        if (poNewGeom)
                        {
                            poFeature->SetGeomFieldDirectly(i, poNewGeom);
                            // If there was potential further processing...
                            // poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(i);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             SetFeature()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::SetFeature(OGRFeature *poFeature)

{
    ConvertGeomsIfNecessary(poFeature);
    return ISetFeature(poFeature);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             ISetFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::ISetFeature(OGRFeature *)

{
    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_SetFeature()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_SetFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRFeatureH hFeat)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hFeat, "OGR_L_SetFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetFeature(hLayer, hFeat);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetFeature(
        OGRFeature::FromHandle(hFeat));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           CreateFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::CreateFeature(OGRFeature *poFeature)

{
    ConvertGeomsIfNecessary(poFeature);
    return ICreateFeature(poFeature);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ICreateFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::ICreateFeature(OGRFeature *)

{
    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_CreateFeature()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_CreateFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRFeatureH hFeat)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_CreateFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hFeat, "OGR_L_CreateFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_CreateFeature(hLayer, hFeat);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->CreateFeature(
        OGRFeature::FromHandle(hFeat));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           UpsertFeature()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::UpsertFeature(OGRFeature *poFeature)

{
    ConvertGeomsIfNecessary(poFeature);
    return IUpsertFeature(poFeature);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           IUpsertFeature()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::IUpsertFeature(OGRFeature *)
{
    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_UpsertFeature()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_UpsertFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRFeatureH hFeat)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_UpsertFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hFeat, "OGR_L_UpsertFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_UpsertFeature(hLayer, hFeat);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->UpsertFeature(
        OGRFeature::FromHandle(hFeat));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           UpdateFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::UpdateFeature(OGRFeature *poFeature, int nUpdatedFieldsCount,
                               const int *panUpdatedFieldsIdx,
                               int nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount,
                               const int *panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx,
                               bool bUpdateStyleString)

{
    ConvertGeomsIfNecessary(poFeature);
    const int nFieldCount = GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldCount();
    for (int i = 0; i < nUpdatedFieldsCount; ++i)
    {
        if (panUpdatedFieldsIdx[i] < 0 || panUpdatedFieldsIdx[i] >= nFieldCount)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Invalid panUpdatedFieldsIdx[%d] = %d", i,
                     panUpdatedFieldsIdx[i]);
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }
    const int nGeomFieldCount = GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount();
    for (int i = 0; i < nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount; ++i)
    {
        if (panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx[i] < 0 ||
            panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx[i] >= nGeomFieldCount)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Invalid panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx[%d] = %d", i,
                     panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx[i]);
            return OGRERR_FAILURE;
        }
    }
    return IUpdateFeature(poFeature, nUpdatedFieldsCount, panUpdatedFieldsIdx,
                          nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount, panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx,
                          bUpdateStyleString);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           IUpdateFeature()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::IUpdateFeature(OGRFeature *poFeature, int nUpdatedFieldsCount,
                                const int *panUpdatedFieldsIdx,
                                int nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount,
                                const int *panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx,
                                bool bUpdateStyleString)
{
    if (!TestCapability(OLCRandomWrite))
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;

    auto poFeatureExisting =
        std::unique_ptr<OGRFeature>(GetFeature(poFeature->GetFID()));
    if (!poFeatureExisting)
        return OGRERR_NON_EXISTING_FEATURE;

    for (int i = 0; i < nUpdatedFieldsCount; ++i)
    {
        poFeatureExisting->SetField(
            panUpdatedFieldsIdx[i],
            poFeature->GetRawFieldRef(panUpdatedFieldsIdx[i]));
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount; ++i)
    {
        poFeatureExisting->SetGeomFieldDirectly(
            panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx[i],
            poFeature->StealGeometry(panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx[i]));
    }
    if (bUpdateStyleString)
    {
        poFeatureExisting->SetStyleString(poFeature->GetStyleString());
    }
    return ISetFeature(poFeatureExisting.get());
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_UpdateFeature()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_UpdateFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRFeatureH hFeat,
                           int nUpdatedFieldsCount,
                           const int *panUpdatedFieldsIdx,
                           int nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount,
                           const int *panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx,
                           bool bUpdateStyleString)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_UpdateFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hFeat, "OGR_L_UpdateFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->UpdateFeature(
        OGRFeature::FromHandle(hFeat), nUpdatedFieldsCount, panUpdatedFieldsIdx,
        nUpdatedGeomFieldsCount, panUpdatedGeomFieldsIdx, bUpdateStyleString);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            CreateField()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::CreateField(const OGRFieldDefn *poField, int bApproxOK)

{
    (void)poField;
    (void)bApproxOK;

    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "CreateField() not supported by this layer.\n");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_CreateField()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_CreateField(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRFieldDefnH hField, int bApproxOK)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_CreateField", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hField, "OGR_L_CreateField", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_CreateField(hLayer, hField, bApproxOK);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->CreateField(
        OGRFieldDefn::FromHandle(hField), bApproxOK);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            DeleteField()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::DeleteField(int iField)

{
    (void)iField;

    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "DeleteField() not supported by this layer.\n");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_DeleteField()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_DeleteField(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iField)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_DeleteField", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_DeleteField(hLayer, iField);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->DeleteField(iField);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           ReorderFields()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::ReorderFields(int *panMap)

{
    (void)panMap;

    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "ReorderFields() not supported by this layer.\n");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_ReorderFields()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_ReorderFields(OGRLayerH hLayer, int *panMap)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_ReorderFields", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_ReorderFields(hLayer, panMap);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->ReorderFields(panMap);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            ReorderField()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::ReorderField(int iOldFieldPos, int iNewFieldPos)

{
    OGRErr eErr;

    int nFieldCount = GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldCount();

    if (iOldFieldPos < 0 || iOldFieldPos >= nFieldCount)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, "Invalid field index");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }
    if (iNewFieldPos < 0 || iNewFieldPos >= nFieldCount)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported, "Invalid field index");
        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
    }
    if (iNewFieldPos == iOldFieldPos)
        return OGRERR_NONE;

    int *panMap = static_cast<int *>(CPLMalloc(sizeof(int) * nFieldCount));
    if (iOldFieldPos < iNewFieldPos)
    {
        /* "0","1","2","3","4" (1,3) -> "0","2","3","1","4" */
        int i = 0;  // Used after for.
        for (; i < iOldFieldPos; i++)
            panMap[i] = i;
        for (; i < iNewFieldPos; i++)
            panMap[i] = i + 1;
        panMap[iNewFieldPos] = iOldFieldPos;
        for (i = iNewFieldPos + 1; i < nFieldCount; i++)
            panMap[i] = i;
    }
    else
    {
        /* "0","1","2","3","4" (3,1) -> "0","3","1","2","4" */
        for (int i = 0; i < iNewFieldPos; i++)
            panMap[i] = i;
        panMap[iNewFieldPos] = iOldFieldPos;
        int i = iNewFieldPos + 1;  // Used after for.
        for (; i <= iOldFieldPos; i++)
            panMap[i] = i - 1;
        for (; i < nFieldCount; i++)
            panMap[i] = i;
    }

    eErr = ReorderFields(panMap);

    CPLFree(panMap);

    return eErr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_ReorderField()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_ReorderField(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iOldFieldPos, int iNewFieldPos)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_ReorderField", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_ReorderField(hLayer, iOldFieldPos, iNewFieldPos);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->ReorderField(iOldFieldPos,
                                                      iNewFieldPos);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           AlterFieldDefn()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::AlterFieldDefn(int /* iField*/,
                                OGRFieldDefn * /*poNewFieldDefn*/,
                                int /* nFlags */)

{
    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "AlterFieldDefn() not supported by this layer.\n");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_AlterFieldDefn()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_AlterFieldDefn(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iField,
                            OGRFieldDefnH hNewFieldDefn, int nFlags)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_AlterFieldDefn", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hNewFieldDefn, "OGR_L_AlterFieldDefn",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_AlterFieldDefn(hLayer, iField, hNewFieldDefn, nFlags);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->AlterFieldDefn(
        iField, OGRFieldDefn::FromHandle(hNewFieldDefn), nFlags);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        AlterGeomFieldDefn()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr
OGRLayer::AlterGeomFieldDefn(int /* iGeomField*/,
                             const OGRGeomFieldDefn * /*poNewGeomFieldDefn*/,
                             int /* nFlags */)

{
    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "AlterGeomFieldDefn() not supported by this layer.\n");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGR_L_AlterGeomFieldDefn()                      */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_AlterGeomFieldDefn(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                                OGRGeomFieldDefnH hNewGeomFieldDefn, int nFlags)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_AlterGeomFieldDefn",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hNewGeomFieldDefn, "OGR_L_AlterGeomFieldDefn",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->AlterGeomFieldDefn(
        iGeomField,
        const_cast<const OGRGeomFieldDefn *>(
            OGRGeomFieldDefn::FromHandle(hNewGeomFieldDefn)),
        nFlags);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         CreateGeomField()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::CreateGeomField(const OGRGeomFieldDefn *poField, int bApproxOK)

{
    (void)poField;
    (void)bApproxOK;

    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "CreateGeomField() not supported by this layer.\n");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_CreateGeomField()                       */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_CreateGeomField(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRGeomFieldDefnH hField,
                             int bApproxOK)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_CreateGeomField", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hField, "OGR_L_CreateGeomField", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_CreateGeomField(hLayer, hField, bApproxOK);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->CreateGeomField(
        OGRGeomFieldDefn::FromHandle(hField), bApproxOK);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          StartTransaction()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::StartTransaction()

{
    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_StartTransaction()                       */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_StartTransaction(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_StartTransaction", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_StartTransaction(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->StartTransaction();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         CommitTransaction()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::CommitTransaction()

{
    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_CommitTransaction()                      */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_CommitTransaction(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_CommitTransaction", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_CommitTransaction(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->CommitTransaction();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        RollbackTransaction()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::RollbackTransaction()

{
    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     OGR_L_RollbackTransaction()                      */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_RollbackTransaction(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_RollbackTransaction",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_RollbackTransaction(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->RollbackTransaction();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_GetLayerDefn()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeatureDefnH OGR_L_GetLayerDefn(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetLayerDefn", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetLayerDefn(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRFeatureDefn::ToHandle(
        OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetLayerDefn());
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_FindFieldIndex()                       */
/************************************************************************/

int OGR_L_FindFieldIndex(OGRLayerH hLayer, const char *pszFieldName,
                         int bExactMatch)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_FindFieldIndex", -1);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_FindFieldIndex(hLayer, pszFieldName, bExactMatch);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->FindFieldIndex(pszFieldName,
                                                        bExactMatch);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           FindFieldIndex()                           */
/************************************************************************/

int OGRLayer::FindFieldIndex(const char *pszFieldName,
                             CPL_UNUSED int bExactMatch)
{
    return GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldIndex(pszFieldName);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           GetSpatialRef()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRSpatialReference *OGRLayer::GetSpatialRef()
{
    if (GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() > 0)
        return const_cast<OGRSpatialReference *>(
            GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldDefn(0)->GetSpatialRef());
    else
        return nullptr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_GetSpatialRef()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRSpatialReferenceH OGR_L_GetSpatialRef(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetSpatialRef", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetSpatialRef(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRSpatialReference::ToHandle(
        OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetSpatialRef());
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_TestCapability()                        */
/************************************************************************/

int OGR_L_TestCapability(OGRLayerH hLayer, const char *pszCap)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_TestCapability", 0);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pszCap, "OGR_L_TestCapability", 0);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_TestCapability(hLayer, pszCap);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->TestCapability(pszCap);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          GetSpatialFilter()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeometry *OGRLayer::GetSpatialFilter()

{
    return m_poFilterGeom;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_GetSpatialFilter()                       */
/************************************************************************/

OGRGeometryH OGR_L_GetSpatialFilter(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetSpatialFilter", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetSpatialFilter(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRGeometry::ToHandle(
        OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetSpatialFilter());
}

/************************************************************************/
/*             ValidateGeometryFieldIndexForSetSpatialFilter()          */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
bool OGRLayer::ValidateGeometryFieldIndexForSetSpatialFilter(
    int iGeomField, const OGRGeometry *poGeomIn, bool bIsSelectLayer)
{
    if (iGeomField == 0 && poGeomIn == nullptr &&
        GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() == 0)
    {
        // Setting a null spatial filter on geometry field idx 0
        // when there are no geometry field can't harm, and is accepted silently
        // for backward compatibility with existing practice.
    }
    else if (iGeomField < 0 ||
             iGeomField >= GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount())
    {
        if (iGeomField == 0)
        {
            CPLError(
                CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                bIsSelectLayer
                    ? "Cannot set spatial filter: no geometry field selected."
                    : "Cannot set spatial filter: no geometry field present in "
                      "layer.");
        }
        else
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Cannot set spatial filter on non-existing geometry field "
                     "of index %d.",
                     iGeomField);
        }
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SetSpatialFilter()                          */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter(OGRGeometry *poGeomIn)

{
    if (poGeomIn && !ValidateGeometryFieldIndexForSetSpatialFilter(0, poGeomIn))
        return;

    m_iGeomFieldFilter = 0;
    if (InstallFilter(poGeomIn))
        ResetReading();
}

void OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilter(int iGeomField, OGRGeometry *poGeomIn)

{
    if (iGeomField == 0)
    {
        if (poGeomIn &&
            !ValidateGeometryFieldIndexForSetSpatialFilter(0, poGeomIn))
            return;

        m_iGeomFieldFilter = iGeomField;
        SetSpatialFilter(poGeomIn);
    }
    else
    {
        if (!ValidateGeometryFieldIndexForSetSpatialFilter(iGeomField,
                                                           poGeomIn))
            return;

        m_iGeomFieldFilter = iGeomField;
        if (InstallFilter(poGeomIn))
            ResetReading();
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_SetSpatialFilter()                       */
/************************************************************************/

void OGR_L_SetSpatialFilter(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRGeometryH hGeom)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetSpatialFilter");

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetSpatialFilter(hLayer, hGeom);
#endif

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetSpatialFilter(
        OGRGeometry::FromHandle(hGeom));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterEx()                      */
/************************************************************************/

void OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterEx(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                              OGRGeometryH hGeom)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterEx");

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetSpatialFilterEx(hLayer, iGeomField, hGeom);
#endif

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetSpatialFilter(
        iGeomField, OGRGeometry::FromHandle(hGeom));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        SetSpatialFilterRect()                        */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilterRect(double dfMinX, double dfMinY, double dfMaxX,
                                    double dfMaxY)

{
    SetSpatialFilterRect(0, dfMinX, dfMinY, dfMaxX, dfMaxY);
}

void OGRLayer::SetSpatialFilterRect(int iGeomField, double dfMinX,
                                    double dfMinY, double dfMaxX, double dfMaxY)

{
    OGRLinearRing oRing;
    OGRPolygon oPoly;

    oRing.addPoint(dfMinX, dfMinY);
    oRing.addPoint(dfMinX, dfMaxY);
    oRing.addPoint(dfMaxX, dfMaxY);
    oRing.addPoint(dfMaxX, dfMinY);
    oRing.addPoint(dfMinX, dfMinY);

    oPoly.addRing(&oRing);

    if (iGeomField == 0)
        /* for drivers that only overload SetSpatialFilter(OGRGeometry*) */
        SetSpatialFilter(&oPoly);
    else
        SetSpatialFilter(iGeomField, &oPoly);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRect()                     */
/************************************************************************/

void OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRect(OGRLayerH hLayer, double dfMinX, double dfMinY,
                                double dfMaxX, double dfMaxY)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRect");

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetSpatialFilterRect(hLayer, dfMinX, dfMinY, dfMaxX,
                                         dfMaxY);
#endif

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetSpatialFilterRect(dfMinX, dfMinY, dfMaxX,
                                                       dfMaxY);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                    OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRectEx()                    */
/************************************************************************/

void OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRectEx(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                                  double dfMinX, double dfMinY, double dfMaxX,
                                  double dfMaxY)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetSpatialFilterRectEx");

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetSpatialFilterRectEx(hLayer, iGeomField, dfMinX, dfMinY,
                                           dfMaxX, dfMaxY);
#endif

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetSpatialFilterRect(iGeomField, dfMinX,
                                                       dfMinY, dfMaxX, dfMaxY);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           InstallFilter()                            */
/*                                                                      */
/*      This method is only intended to be used from within             */
/*      drivers, normally from the SetSpatialFilter() method.           */
/*      It installs a filter, and also tests it to see if it is         */
/*      rectangular.  If so, it this is kept track of alongside the     */
/*      filter geometry itself so we can do cheaper comparisons in      */
/*      the FilterGeometry() call.                                      */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Returns TRUE if the newly installed filter differs in some      */
/*      way from the current one.                                       */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
int OGRLayer::InstallFilter(OGRGeometry *poFilter)

{
    if (m_poFilterGeom == poFilter)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Replace the existing filter.                                    */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (m_poFilterGeom != nullptr)
    {
        delete m_poFilterGeom;
        m_poFilterGeom = nullptr;
    }

    if (m_pPreparedFilterGeom != nullptr)
    {
        OGRDestroyPreparedGeometry(m_pPreparedFilterGeom);
        m_pPreparedFilterGeom = nullptr;
    }

    if (poFilter != nullptr)
        m_poFilterGeom = poFilter->clone();

    m_bFilterIsEnvelope = FALSE;

    if (m_poFilterGeom == nullptr)
        return TRUE;

    m_poFilterGeom->getEnvelope(&m_sFilterEnvelope);

    /* Compile geometry filter as a prepared geometry */
    m_pPreparedFilterGeom =
        OGRCreatePreparedGeometry(OGRGeometry::ToHandle(m_poFilterGeom));

    m_bFilterIsEnvelope = m_poFilterGeom->IsRectangle();

    return TRUE;
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                   DoesGeometryHavePointInEnvelope()                  */
/************************************************************************/

static bool DoesGeometryHavePointInEnvelope(const OGRGeometry *poGeometry,
                                            const OGREnvelope &sEnvelope)
{
    const OGRLineString *poLS = nullptr;

    switch (wkbFlatten(poGeometry->getGeometryType()))
    {
        case wkbPoint:
        {
            const auto poPoint = poGeometry->toPoint();
            const double x = poPoint->getX();
            const double y = poPoint->getY();
            return (x >= sEnvelope.MinX && y >= sEnvelope.MinY &&
                    x <= sEnvelope.MaxX && y <= sEnvelope.MaxY);
        }

        case wkbLineString:
            poLS = poGeometry->toLineString();
            break;

        case wkbPolygon:
        {
            const OGRPolygon *poPoly = poGeometry->toPolygon();
            poLS = poPoly->getExteriorRing();
            break;
        }

        case wkbMultiPoint:
        case wkbMultiLineString:
        case wkbMultiPolygon:
        case wkbGeometryCollection:
        {
            for (const auto &poSubGeom : *(poGeometry->toGeometryCollection()))
            {
                if (DoesGeometryHavePointInEnvelope(poSubGeom, sEnvelope))
                    return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        default:
            return false;
    }

    if (poLS != nullptr)
    {
        const int nNumPoints = poLS->getNumPoints();
        for (int i = 0; i < nNumPoints; i++)
        {
            const double x = poLS->getX(i);
            const double y = poLS->getY(i);
            if (x >= sEnvelope.MinX && y >= sEnvelope.MinY &&
                x <= sEnvelope.MaxX && y <= sEnvelope.MaxY)
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    return false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           FilterGeometry()                           */
/*                                                                      */
/*      Compare the passed in geometry to the currently installed       */
/*      filter.  Optimize for case where filter is just an              */
/*      envelope.                                                       */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
int OGRLayer::FilterGeometry(const OGRGeometry *poGeometry)

{
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      In trivial cases of new filter or target geometry, we accept    */
    /*      an intersection.  No geometry is taken to mean "the whole       */
    /*      world".                                                         */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (m_poFilterGeom == nullptr)
        return TRUE;

    if (poGeometry == nullptr || poGeometry->IsEmpty())
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      Compute the target geometry envelope, and if there is no        */
    /*      intersection between the envelopes we are sure not to have      */
    /*      any intersection.                                               */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    OGREnvelope sGeomEnv;

    poGeometry->getEnvelope(&sGeomEnv);

    if (sGeomEnv.MaxX < m_sFilterEnvelope.MinX ||
        sGeomEnv.MaxY < m_sFilterEnvelope.MinY ||
        m_sFilterEnvelope.MaxX < sGeomEnv.MinX ||
        m_sFilterEnvelope.MaxY < sGeomEnv.MinY)
        return FALSE;

    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    /*      If the filter geometry is its own envelope and if the           */
    /*      envelope of the geometry is inside the filter geometry,         */
    /*      the geometry itself is inside the filter geometry               */
    /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
    if (m_bFilterIsEnvelope && sGeomEnv.MinX >= m_sFilterEnvelope.MinX &&
        sGeomEnv.MinY >= m_sFilterEnvelope.MinY &&
        sGeomEnv.MaxX <= m_sFilterEnvelope.MaxX &&
        sGeomEnv.MaxY <= m_sFilterEnvelope.MaxY)
    {
        return TRUE;
    }
    else
    {
        // If the filter geometry is its own envelope and if the geometry has
        // at least one point inside the filter geometry, the geometry itself
        // intersects the filter geometry.
        if (m_bFilterIsEnvelope)
        {
            if (DoesGeometryHavePointInEnvelope(poGeometry, m_sFilterEnvelope))
                return true;
        }

        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        /*      Fallback to full intersect test (using GEOS) if we still */
        /*      don't know for sure. */
        /* --------------------------------------------------------------------
         */
        if (OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
        {
            // CPLDebug("OGRLayer", "GEOS intersection");
            if (m_pPreparedFilterGeom != nullptr)
                return OGRPreparedGeometryIntersects(
                    m_pPreparedFilterGeom,
                    OGRGeometry::ToHandle(
                        const_cast<OGRGeometry *>(poGeometry)));
            else
                return m_poFilterGeom->Intersects(poGeometry);
        }
        else
            return TRUE;
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         FilterWKBGeometry()                          */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRLayer::FilterWKBGeometry(const GByte *pabyWKB, size_t nWKBSize,
                                 bool bEnvelopeAlreadySet,
                                 OGREnvelope &sEnvelope) const
{
    OGRPreparedGeometry *pPreparedFilterGeom = m_pPreparedFilterGeom;
    bool bRet = FilterWKBGeometry(
        pabyWKB, nWKBSize, bEnvelopeAlreadySet, sEnvelope, m_poFilterGeom,
        m_bFilterIsEnvelope, m_sFilterEnvelope, pPreparedFilterGeom);
    const_cast<OGRLayer *>(this)->m_pPreparedFilterGeom = pPreparedFilterGeom;
    return bRet;
}

/* static */
bool OGRLayer::FilterWKBGeometry(const GByte *pabyWKB, size_t nWKBSize,
                                 bool bEnvelopeAlreadySet,
                                 OGREnvelope &sEnvelope,
                                 const OGRGeometry *poFilterGeom,
                                 bool bFilterIsEnvelope,
                                 const OGREnvelope &sFilterEnvelope,
                                 OGRPreparedGeometry *&pPreparedFilterGeom)
{
    if (!poFilterGeom)
        return true;

    if ((bEnvelopeAlreadySet ||
         OGRWKBGetBoundingBox(pabyWKB, nWKBSize, sEnvelope)) &&
        sFilterEnvelope.Intersects(sEnvelope))
    {
        if (bFilterIsEnvelope && sFilterEnvelope.Contains(sEnvelope))
        {
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            if (bFilterIsEnvelope &&
                OGRWKBIntersectsPessimistic(pabyWKB, nWKBSize, sFilterEnvelope))
            {
                return true;
            }
            else if (OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
            {
                OGRGeometry *poGeom = nullptr;
                int ret = FALSE;
                if (OGRGeometryFactory::createFromWkb(pabyWKB, nullptr, &poGeom,
                                                      nWKBSize) == OGRERR_NONE)
                {
                    if (!pPreparedFilterGeom)
                    {
                        pPreparedFilterGeom =
                            OGRCreatePreparedGeometry(OGRGeometry::ToHandle(
                                const_cast<OGRGeometry *>(poFilterGeom)));
                    }
                    if (pPreparedFilterGeom)
                        ret = OGRPreparedGeometryIntersects(
                            pPreparedFilterGeom,
                            OGRGeometry::ToHandle(
                                const_cast<OGRGeometry *>(poGeom)));
                    else
                        ret = poFilterGeom->Intersects(poGeom);
                }
                delete poGeom;
                return CPL_TO_BOOL(ret);
            }
            else
            {
                // Assume intersection
                return true;
            }
        }
    }

    return false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          PrepareStartTransaction()                   */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRLayer::PrepareStartTransaction()
{
    m_apoFieldDefnChanges.clear();
    m_apoGeomFieldDefnChanges.clear();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          FinishRollbackTransaction()                 */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRLayer::FinishRollbackTransaction(const std::string &osSavepointName)
{

    // Deleted fields can be safely removed from the storage after being restored.
    std::vector<int> toBeRemoved;

    bool bSavepointFound = false;

    // Loop through all changed fields and reset them to their previous state.
    for (int i = static_cast<int>(m_apoFieldDefnChanges.size()) - 1; i >= 0;
         i--)
    {
        auto &oFieldChange = m_apoFieldDefnChanges[i];

        if (!osSavepointName.empty())
        {
            if (oFieldChange.osSavepointName == osSavepointName)
            {
                bSavepointFound = true;
            }
            else if (bSavepointFound)
            {
                continue;
            }
        }

        CPLAssert(oFieldChange.poFieldDefn);
        const char *pszName = oFieldChange.poFieldDefn->GetNameRef();
        const int iField = oFieldChange.iField;
        if (iField >= 0)
        {
            switch (oFieldChange.eChangeType)
            {
                case FieldChangeType::DELETE_FIELD:
                {
                    // Transfer ownership of the field to the layer
                    whileUnsealing(GetLayerDefn())
                        ->AddFieldDefn(std::move(oFieldChange.poFieldDefn));

                    // Now move the field to the right place
                    // from the last position to its original position
                    const int iFieldCount = GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldCount();
                    CPLAssert(iFieldCount > 0);
                    CPLAssert(iFieldCount > iField);
                    std::vector<int> anOrder(iFieldCount);
                    for (int j = 0; j < iField; j++)
                    {
                        anOrder[j] = j;
                    }
                    for (int j = iField + 1; j < iFieldCount; j++)
                    {
                        anOrder[j] = j - 1;
                    }
                    anOrder[iField] = iFieldCount - 1;
                    if (OGRERR_NONE == whileUnsealing(GetLayerDefn())
                                           ->ReorderFieldDefns(anOrder.data()))
                    {
                        toBeRemoved.push_back(i);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                                 "Failed to restore deleted field %s", pszName);
                    }
                    break;
                }
                case FieldChangeType::ALTER_FIELD:
                {
                    OGRFieldDefn *poFieldDefn =
                        GetLayerDefn()->GetFieldDefn(iField);
                    if (poFieldDefn)
                    {
                        *poFieldDefn = *oFieldChange.poFieldDefn;
                        toBeRemoved.push_back(i);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                                 "Failed to restore altered field %s", pszName);
                    }
                    break;
                }
                case FieldChangeType::ADD_FIELD:
                {
                    std::unique_ptr<OGRFieldDefn> poFieldDef =
                        GetLayerDefn()->StealFieldDefn(iField);
                    if (poFieldDef)
                    {
                        oFieldChange.poFieldDefn = std::move(poFieldDef);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                                 "Failed to delete added field %s", pszName);
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Failed to restore field %s (field not found at index %d)",
                     pszName, iField);
        }
    }

    // Remove from the storage the deleted fields that have been restored
    for (const auto &i : toBeRemoved)
    {
        m_apoFieldDefnChanges.erase(m_apoFieldDefnChanges.begin() + i);
    }

    /**********************************************************************/
    /* Reset geometry fields to their previous state.                    */
    /**********************************************************************/

    bSavepointFound = false;

    // Loop through all changed geometry fields and reset them to their previous state.
    for (int i = static_cast<int>(m_apoGeomFieldDefnChanges.size()) - 1; i >= 0;
         i--)
    {
        auto &oGeomFieldChange = m_apoGeomFieldDefnChanges[i];

        if (!osSavepointName.empty())
        {
            if (oGeomFieldChange.osSavepointName == osSavepointName)
            {
                bSavepointFound = true;
            }
            else if (bSavepointFound)
            {
                continue;
            }
        }
        const char *pszName = oGeomFieldChange.poFieldDefn->GetNameRef();
        const int iGeomField = oGeomFieldChange.iField;
        if (iGeomField >= 0)
        {
            switch (oGeomFieldChange.eChangeType)
            {
                case FieldChangeType::DELETE_FIELD:
                case FieldChangeType::ALTER_FIELD:
                {
                    // Currently not handled by OGR for geometry fields
                    break;
                }
                case FieldChangeType::ADD_FIELD:
                {
                    std::unique_ptr<OGRGeomFieldDefn> poGeomFieldDef =
                        GetLayerDefn()->StealGeomFieldDefn(
                            oGeomFieldChange.iField);
                    if (poGeomFieldDef)
                    {
                        oGeomFieldChange.poFieldDefn =
                            std::move(poGeomFieldDef);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                                 "Failed to delete added geometry field %s",
                                 pszName);
                    }
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        else
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                     "Failed to restore geometry field %s (field not found at "
                     "index %d)",
                     pszName, oGeomFieldChange.iField);
        }
    }
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_ResetReading()                         */
/************************************************************************/

void OGR_L_ResetReading(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_ResetReading");

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_ResetReading(hLayer);
#endif

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->ResetReading();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       InitializeIndexSupport()                       */
/*                                                                      */
/*      This is only intended to be called by driver layer              */
/*      implementations but we don't make it protected so that the      */
/*      datasources can do it too if that is more appropriate.          */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
OGRErr
OGRLayer::InitializeIndexSupport([[maybe_unused]] const char *pszFilename)

{
#ifdef HAVE_MITAB
    OGRErr eErr;

    if (m_poAttrIndex != nullptr)
        return OGRERR_NONE;

    m_poAttrIndex = OGRCreateDefaultLayerIndex();

    eErr = m_poAttrIndex->Initialize(pszFilename, this);
    if (eErr != OGRERR_NONE)
    {
        delete m_poAttrIndex;
        m_poAttrIndex = nullptr;
    }

    return eErr;
#else
    return OGRERR_FAILURE;
#endif
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                             SyncToDisk()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::SyncToDisk()

{
    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_SyncToDisk()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_SyncToDisk(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_SyncToDisk", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SyncToDisk(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SyncToDisk();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           DeleteFeature()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::DeleteFeature(CPL_UNUSED GIntBig nFID)
{
    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_DeleteFeature()                         */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_DeleteFeature(OGRLayerH hLayer, GIntBig nFID)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_DeleteFeature", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_DeleteFeature(hLayer, nFID);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->DeleteFeature(nFID);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          GetFeaturesRead()                           */
/************************************************************************/

//! @cond Doxygen_Suppress
GIntBig OGRLayer::GetFeaturesRead()

{
    return m_nFeaturesRead;
}

//! @endcond

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_GetFeaturesRead()                        */
/************************************************************************/

GIntBig OGR_L_GetFeaturesRead(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetFeaturesRead", 0);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetFeaturesRead();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetFIDColumn                             */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGRLayer::GetFIDColumn()

{
    return "";
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_GetFIDColumn()                         */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGR_L_GetFIDColumn(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetFIDColumn", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetFIDColumn(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetFIDColumn();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         GetGeometryColumn()                          */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGRLayer::GetGeometryColumn()

{
    if (GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldCount() > 0)
        return GetLayerDefn()->GetGeomFieldDefn(0)->GetNameRef();
    else
        return "";
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGR_L_GetGeometryColumn()                       */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGR_L_GetGeometryColumn(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetGeometryColumn", nullptr);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetGeometryColumn(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetGeometryColumn();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetStyleTable()                           */
/************************************************************************/

OGRStyleTable *OGRLayer::GetStyleTable()
{
    return m_poStyleTable;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         SetStyleTableDirectly()                      */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRLayer::SetStyleTableDirectly(OGRStyleTable *poStyleTable)
{
    if (m_poStyleTable)
        delete m_poStyleTable;
    m_poStyleTable = poStyleTable;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            SetStyleTable()                           */
/************************************************************************/

void OGRLayer::SetStyleTable(OGRStyleTable *poStyleTable)
{
    if (m_poStyleTable)
        delete m_poStyleTable;
    if (poStyleTable)
        m_poStyleTable = poStyleTable->Clone();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_GetStyleTable()                        */
/************************************************************************/

OGRStyleTableH OGR_L_GetStyleTable(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetStyleTable", nullptr);

    return reinterpret_cast<OGRStyleTableH>(
        OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetStyleTable());
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_SetStyleTableDirectly()                */
/************************************************************************/

void OGR_L_SetStyleTableDirectly(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRStyleTableH hStyleTable)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetStyleTableDirectly");

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetStyleTableDirectly(
        reinterpret_cast<OGRStyleTable *>(hStyleTable));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_SetStyleTable()                        */
/************************************************************************/

void OGR_L_SetStyleTable(OGRLayerH hLayer, OGRStyleTableH hStyleTable)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetStyleTable");
    VALIDATE_POINTER0(hStyleTable, "OGR_L_SetStyleTable");

    OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetStyleTable(
        reinterpret_cast<OGRStyleTable *>(hStyleTable));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                               GetName()                              */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGRLayer::GetName()

{
    return GetLayerDefn()->GetName();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGR_L_GetName()                            */
/************************************************************************/

const char *OGR_L_GetName(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetName", "");

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetName(hLayer);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetName();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            GetGeomType()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRwkbGeometryType OGRLayer::GetGeomType()
{
    OGRFeatureDefn *poLayerDefn = GetLayerDefn();
    if (poLayerDefn == nullptr)
    {
        CPLDebug("OGR", "GetLayerType() returns NULL !");
        return wkbUnknown;
    }
    return poLayerDefn->GetGeomType();
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_GetGeomType()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRwkbGeometryType OGR_L_GetGeomType(OGRLayerH hLayer)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetGeomType", wkbUnknown);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_GetGeomType(hLayer);
#endif

    OGRwkbGeometryType eType = OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetGeomType();
    if (OGR_GT_IsNonLinear(eType) && !OGRGetNonLinearGeometriesEnabledFlag())
    {
        eType = OGR_GT_GetLinear(eType);
    }
    return eType;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SetIgnoredFields()                          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGRLayer::SetIgnoredFields(CSLConstList papszFields)
{
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefn = GetLayerDefn();

    // first set everything as *not* ignored
    for (int iField = 0; iField < poDefn->GetFieldCount(); iField++)
    {
        poDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField)->SetIgnored(FALSE);
    }
    for (int iField = 0; iField < poDefn->GetGeomFieldCount(); iField++)
    {
        poDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(iField)->SetIgnored(FALSE);
    }
    poDefn->SetStyleIgnored(FALSE);

    // ignore some fields
    for (const char *pszFieldName : cpl::Iterate(papszFields))
    {
        // check special fields
        if (EQUAL(pszFieldName, "OGR_GEOMETRY"))
            poDefn->SetGeometryIgnored(TRUE);
        else if (EQUAL(pszFieldName, "OGR_STYLE"))
            poDefn->SetStyleIgnored(TRUE);
        else
        {
            // check ordinary fields
            int iField = poDefn->GetFieldIndex(pszFieldName);
            if (iField == -1)
            {
                // check geometry field
                iField = poDefn->GetGeomFieldIndex(pszFieldName);
                if (iField == -1)
                {
                    return OGRERR_FAILURE;
                }
                else
                    poDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(iField)->SetIgnored(TRUE);
            }
            else
                poDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField)->SetIgnored(TRUE);
        }
    }

    return OGRERR_NONE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_SetIgnoredFields()                       */
/************************************************************************/

OGRErr OGR_L_SetIgnoredFields(OGRLayerH hLayer, const char **papszFields)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetIgnoredFields", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

#ifdef OGRAPISPY_ENABLED
    if (bOGRAPISpyEnabled)
        OGRAPISpy_L_SetIgnoredFields(hLayer, papszFields);
#endif

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetIgnoredFields(papszFields);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             Rename()                                 */
/************************************************************************/

/** Rename layer.
 *
 * This operation is implemented only by layers that expose the OLCRename
 * capability, and drivers that expose the GDAL_DCAP_RENAME_LAYERS capability
 *
 * This operation will fail if a layer with the new name already exists.
 *
 * On success, GetDescription() and GetLayerDefn()->GetName() will return
 * pszNewName.
 *
 * Renaming the layer may interrupt current feature iteration.
 *
 * @param pszNewName New layer name. Must not be NULL.
 * @return OGRERR_NONE in case of success
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.5
 */
OGRErr OGRLayer::Rename(CPL_UNUSED const char *pszNewName)
{
    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
             "Rename() not supported by this layer.");

    return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGR_L_Rename()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/** Rename layer.
 *
 * This operation is implemented only by layers that expose the OLCRename
 * capability, and drivers that expose the GDAL_DCAP_RENAME_LAYERS capability
 *
 * This operation will fail if a layer with the new name already exists.
 *
 * On success, GetDescription() and GetLayerDefn()->GetName() will return
 * pszNewName.
 *
 * Renaming the layer may interrupt current feature iteration.
 *
 * @param hLayer     Layer to rename.
 * @param pszNewName New layer name. Must not be NULL.
 * @return OGRERR_NONE in case of success
 *
 * @since GDAL 3.5
 */
OGRErr OGR_L_Rename(OGRLayerH hLayer, const char *pszNewName)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_Rename", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pszNewName, "OGR_L_Rename", OGRERR_FAILURE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->Rename(pszNewName);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*         helper functions for layer overlay methods                   */
/************************************************************************/

static OGRErr clone_spatial_filter(OGRLayer *pLayer, OGRGeometry **ppGeometry)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRGeometry *g = pLayer->GetSpatialFilter();
    *ppGeometry = g ? g->clone() : nullptr;
    return ret;
}

static OGRErr create_field_map(OGRFeatureDefn *poDefn, int **map)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    int n = poDefn->GetFieldCount();
    if (n > 0)
    {
        *map = static_cast<int *>(VSI_MALLOC_VERBOSE(sizeof(int) * n));
        if (!(*map))
            return OGRERR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
            (*map)[i] = -1;
    }
    return ret;
}

static OGRErr set_result_schema(OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                                OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput,
                                OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnMethod, int *mapInput,
                                int *mapMethod, bool combined,
                                const char *const *papszOptions)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();
    const char *pszInputPrefix =
        CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "INPUT_PREFIX");
    const char *pszMethodPrefix =
        CSLFetchNameValue(papszOptions, "METHOD_PREFIX");
    int bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    if (poDefnResult->GetFieldCount() > 0)
    {
        // the user has defined the schema of the output layer
        if (mapInput)
        {
            for (int iField = 0; iField < poDefnInput->GetFieldCount();
                 iField++)
            {
                CPLString osName(
                    poDefnInput->GetFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
                if (pszInputPrefix != nullptr)
                    osName = pszInputPrefix + osName;
                mapInput[iField] = poDefnResult->GetFieldIndex(osName);
            }
        }
        if (!mapMethod)
            return ret;
        // cppcheck-suppress nullPointer
        for (int iField = 0; iField < poDefnMethod->GetFieldCount(); iField++)
        {
            // cppcheck-suppress nullPointer
            CPLString osName(poDefnMethod->GetFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
            if (pszMethodPrefix != nullptr)
                osName = pszMethodPrefix + osName;
            mapMethod[iField] = poDefnResult->GetFieldIndex(osName);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        // use schema from the input layer or from input and method layers
        int nFieldsInput = poDefnInput->GetFieldCount();

        // If no prefix is specified and we have input+method layers, make
        // sure we will generate unique field names
        std::set<std::string> oSetInputFieldNames;
        std::set<std::string> oSetMethodFieldNames;
        if (poDefnMethod != nullptr && pszInputPrefix == nullptr &&
            pszMethodPrefix == nullptr)
        {
            for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldsInput; iField++)
            {
                oSetInputFieldNames.insert(
                    poDefnInput->GetFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
            }
            const int nFieldsMethod = poDefnMethod->GetFieldCount();
            for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldsMethod; iField++)
            {
                oSetMethodFieldNames.insert(
                    poDefnMethod->GetFieldDefn(iField)->GetNameRef());
            }
        }

        for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldsInput; iField++)
        {
            OGRFieldDefn oFieldDefn(poDefnInput->GetFieldDefn(iField));
            if (pszInputPrefix != nullptr)
                oFieldDefn.SetName(CPLSPrintf("%s%s", pszInputPrefix,
                                              oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()));
            else if (!oSetMethodFieldNames.empty() &&
                     oSetMethodFieldNames.find(oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()) !=
                         oSetMethodFieldNames.end())
            {
                // Field of same name present in method layer
                oFieldDefn.SetName(
                    CPLSPrintf("input_%s", oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()));
            }
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateField(&oFieldDefn);
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                    return ret;
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
            if (mapInput)
                mapInput[iField] = iField;
        }
        if (!combined)
            return ret;
        if (!mapMethod)
            return ret;
        if (!poDefnMethod)
            return ret;
        const int nFieldsMethod = poDefnMethod->GetFieldCount();
        for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldsMethod; iField++)
        {
            OGRFieldDefn oFieldDefn(poDefnMethod->GetFieldDefn(iField));
            if (pszMethodPrefix != nullptr)
                oFieldDefn.SetName(CPLSPrintf("%s%s", pszMethodPrefix,
                                              oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()));
            else if (!oSetInputFieldNames.empty() &&
                     oSetInputFieldNames.find(oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()) !=
                         oSetInputFieldNames.end())
            {
                // Field of same name present in method layer
                oFieldDefn.SetName(
                    CPLSPrintf("method_%s", oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()));
            }
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateField(&oFieldDefn);
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                    return ret;
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
            mapMethod[iField] = nFieldsInput + iField;
        }
    }
    return ret;
}

static OGRGeometry *set_filter_from(OGRLayer *pLayer,
                                    OGRGeometry *pGeometryExistingFilter,
                                    OGRFeature *pFeature)
{
    OGRGeometry *geom = pFeature->GetGeometryRef();
    if (!geom)
        return nullptr;
    if (pGeometryExistingFilter)
    {
        if (!geom->Intersects(pGeometryExistingFilter))
            return nullptr;
        OGRGeometry *intersection = geom->Intersection(pGeometryExistingFilter);
        if (intersection)
        {
            pLayer->SetSpatialFilter(intersection);
            delete intersection;
        }
        else
            return nullptr;
    }
    else
    {
        pLayer->SetSpatialFilter(geom);
    }
    return geom;
}

static OGRGeometry *promote_to_multi(OGRGeometry *poGeom)
{
    OGRwkbGeometryType eType = wkbFlatten(poGeom->getGeometryType());
    if (eType == wkbPoint)
        return OGRGeometryFactory::forceToMultiPoint(poGeom);
    else if (eType == wkbPolygon)
        return OGRGeometryFactory::forceToMultiPolygon(poGeom);
    else if (eType == wkbLineString)
        return OGRGeometryFactory::forceToMultiLineString(poGeom);
    else
        return poGeom;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          Intersection()                              */
/************************************************************************/
/**
 * \brief Intersection of two layers.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are common between features in the input layer and in the
 * method layer. The features in the result layer have attributes from
 * both input and method layers. The schema of the result layer can be
 * set by the user or, if it is empty, is initialized to contain all
 * fields in the input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is:
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to not use prepared
 *     geometries to pretest intersection of features of method layer
 *     with features of this layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>PRETEST_CONTAINMENT=YES/NO. Set to YES to pretest the
 *     containment of features of method layer within the features of
 *     this layer. This will speed up the method significantly in some
 *     cases. Requires that the prepared geometries are in effect.
 * </li>
 * <li>KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to skip
 *     result features with lower dimension geometry that would
 *     otherwise be added to the result layer. The default is YES, to add
 *     features with lower dimension geometry, but only if the result layer
 *     has an unknown geometry type.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_Intersection().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::Intersection(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                              char **papszOptions, GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                              void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnMethod = pLayerMethod->GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    int *mapMethod = nullptr;
    OGREnvelope sEnvelopeMethod;
    GBool bEnvelopeSet;
    double progress_max = static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));
    const bool bUsePreparedGeometries = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES", "YES"));
    const bool bPretestContainment = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PRETEST_CONTAINMENT", "NO"));
    bool bKeepLowerDimGeom = CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(
        papszOptions, "KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES", "YES"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::Intersection() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }

    // get resources
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnMethod, &mapMethod);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, poDefnMethod, mapInput,
                            mapMethod, true, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();
    bEnvelopeSet = pLayerMethod->GetExtent(&sEnvelopeMethod, 1) == OGRERR_NONE;
    if (bKeepLowerDimGeom)
    {
        // require that the result layer is of geom type unknown
        if (pLayerResult->GetGeomType() != wkbUnknown)
        {
            CPLDebug("OGR", "Resetting KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES to NO "
                            "since the result layer does not allow it.");
            bKeepLowerDimGeom = false;
        }
    }

    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // is it worth to proceed?
        if (bEnvelopeSet)
        {
            OGRGeometry *x_geom = x->GetGeometryRef();
            if (x_geom)
            {
                OGREnvelope x_env;
                x_geom->getEnvelope(&x_env);
                if (x_env.MaxX < sEnvelopeMethod.MinX ||
                    x_env.MaxY < sEnvelopeMethod.MinY ||
                    sEnvelopeMethod.MaxX < x_env.MinX ||
                    sEnvelopeMethod.MaxY < x_env.MinY)
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                continue;
            }
        }

        // set up the filter for method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRPreparedGeometryUniquePtr x_prepared_geom;
        if (bUsePreparedGeometries)
        {
            x_prepared_geom.reset(
                OGRCreatePreparedGeometry(OGRGeometry::ToHandle(x_geom)));
            if (!x_prepared_geom)
            {
                goto done;
            }
        }

        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
                continue;
            OGRGeometryUniquePtr z_geom;

            if (x_prepared_geom)
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                if (bPretestContainment &&
                    OGRPreparedGeometryContains(x_prepared_geom.get(),
                                                OGRGeometry::ToHandle(y_geom)))
                {
                    if (CPLGetLastErrorType() == CE_None)
                        z_geom.reset(y_geom->clone());
                }
                else if (!(OGRPreparedGeometryIntersects(
                             x_prepared_geom.get(),
                             OGRGeometry::ToHandle(y_geom))))
                {
                    if (CPLGetLastErrorType() == CE_None)
                    {
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (!z_geom)
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                z_geom.reset(x_geom->Intersection(y_geom));
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || z_geom == nullptr)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                        continue;
                    }
                }
                if (z_geom->IsEmpty() ||
                    (!bKeepLowerDimGeom &&
                     (x_geom->getDimension() == y_geom->getDimension() &&
                      z_geom->getDimension() < x_geom->getDimension())))
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
            z->SetFieldsFrom(y.get(), mapMethod);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                z_geom.reset(promote_to_multi(z_geom.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(z_geom.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());

            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    if (mapMethod)
        VSIFree(mapMethod);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGR_L_Intersection()                           */
/************************************************************************/
/**
 * \brief Intersection of two layers.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are common between features in the input layer and in the
 * method layer. The features in the result layer have attributes from
 * both input and method layers. The schema of the result layer can be
 * set by the user or, if it is empty, is initialized to contain all
 * fields in the input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to not use prepared
 *     geometries to pretest intersection of features of method layer
 *     with features of this layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>PRETEST_CONTAINMENT=YES/NO. Set to YES to pretest the
 *     containment of features of method layer within the features of
 *     this layer. This will speed up the method significantly in some
 *     cases. Requires that the prepared geometries are in effect.
 * </li>
 * <li>KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to skip
 *     result features with lower dimension geometry that would
 *     otherwise be added to the result layer. The default is YES, to add
 *     features with lower dimension geometry, but only if the result layer
 *     has an unknown geometry type.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::Intersection().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_Intersection(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                          OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                          GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_Intersection", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_Intersection",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_Intersection",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->Intersection(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
                       OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions,
                       pfnProgress, pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              Union()                                 */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Union of two layers.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are either in the input layer, in the method layer, or in
 * both. The features in the result layer have attributes from both
 * input and method layers. For features which represent areas that
 * are only in the input or in the method layer the respective
 * attributes have undefined values. The schema of the result layer
 * can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is initialized to
 * contain all fields in the input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer (even if it is undefined).
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to not use prepared
 *     geometries to pretest intersection of features of method layer
 *     with features of this layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to skip
 *     result features with lower dimension geometry that would
 *     otherwise be added to the result layer. The default is YES, to add
 *     features with lower dimension geometry, but only if the result layer
 *     has an unknown geometry type.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_Union().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::Union(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                       char **papszOptions, GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                       void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnMethod = pLayerMethod->GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryInputFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    int *mapMethod = nullptr;
    double progress_max =
        static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE)) +
        static_cast<double>(pLayerMethod->GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));
    const bool bUsePreparedGeometries = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES", "YES"));
    bool bKeepLowerDimGeom = CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(
        papszOptions, "KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES", "YES"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::Union() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }

    // get resources
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(this, &pGeometryInputFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnMethod, &mapMethod);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, poDefnMethod, mapInput,
                            mapMethod, true, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();
    if (bKeepLowerDimGeom)
    {
        // require that the result layer is of geom type unknown
        if (pLayerResult->GetGeomType() != wkbUnknown)
        {
            CPLDebug("OGR", "Resetting KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES to NO "
                            "since the result layer does not allow it.");
            bKeepLowerDimGeom = FALSE;
        }
    }

    // add features based on input layer
    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRPreparedGeometryUniquePtr x_prepared_geom;
        if (bUsePreparedGeometries)
        {
            x_prepared_geom.reset(
                OGRCreatePreparedGeometry(OGRGeometry::ToHandle(x_geom)));
            if (!x_prepared_geom)
            {
                goto done;
            }
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff(
            x_geom
                ->clone());  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
            {
                continue;
            }

            CPLErrorReset();
            if (x_prepared_geom &&
                !(OGRPreparedGeometryIntersects(x_prepared_geom.get(),
                                                OGRGeometry::ToHandle(y_geom))))
            {
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() == CE_None)
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }

            CPLErrorReset();
            OGRGeometryUniquePtr poIntersection(x_geom->Intersection(y_geom));
            if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || poIntersection == nullptr)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    continue;
                }
            }
            if (poIntersection->IsEmpty() ||
                (!bKeepLowerDimGeom &&
                 (x_geom->getDimension() == y_geom->getDimension() &&
                  poIntersection->getDimension() < x_geom->getDimension())))
            {
                // ok
            }
            else
            {
                OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
                z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
                z->SetFieldsFrom(y.get(), mapMethod);
                if (bPromoteToMulti)
                    poIntersection.reset(
                        promote_to_multi(poIntersection.release()));
                z->SetGeometryDirectly(poIntersection.release());

                if (x_geom_diff)
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff_new(
                        x_geom_diff->Difference(y_geom));
                    if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None ||
                        x_geom_diff_new == nullptr)
                    {
                        if (!bSkipFailures)
                        {
                            ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                            goto done;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            CPLErrorReset();
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        x_geom_diff.swap(x_geom_diff_new);
                    }
                }

                ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
                if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        x_prepared_geom.reset();

        if (x_geom_diff == nullptr || x_geom_diff->IsEmpty())
        {
            // ok
        }
        else
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                x_geom_diff.reset(promote_to_multi(x_geom_diff.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(x_geom_diff.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // restore filter on method layer and add features based on it
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    for (auto &&x : pLayerMethod)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on input layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(this, pGeometryInputFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff(
            x_geom
                ->clone());  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        for (auto &&y : this)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
            {
                continue;
            }

            if (x_geom_diff)
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff_new(
                    x_geom_diff->Difference(y_geom));
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None ||
                    x_geom_diff_new == nullptr)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    x_geom_diff.swap(x_geom_diff_new);
                }
            }
        }

        if (x_geom_diff == nullptr || x_geom_diff->IsEmpty())
        {
            // ok
        }
        else
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapMethod);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                x_geom_diff.reset(promote_to_multi(x_geom_diff.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(x_geom_diff.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryInputFilter);
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (pGeometryInputFilter)
        delete pGeometryInputFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    if (mapMethod)
        VSIFree(mapMethod);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGR_L_Union()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Union of two layers.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in either in the input layer, in the method layer, or in
 * both. The features in the result layer have attributes from both
 * input and method layers. For features which represent areas that
 * are only in the input or in the method layer the respective
 * attributes have undefined values. The schema of the result layer
 * can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is initialized to
 * contain all fields in the input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer (even if it is undefined).
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to not use prepared
 *     geometries to pretest intersection of features of method layer
 *     with features of this layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to skip
 *     result features with lower dimension geometry that would
 *     otherwise be added to the result layer. The default is YES, to add
 *     features with lower dimension geometry, but only if the result layer
 *     has an unknown geometry type.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::Union().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_Union(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                   OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                   GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_Union", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_Union", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_Union", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->Union(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
                OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions, pfnProgress,
                pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          SymDifference()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Symmetrical difference of two layers.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in either in the input layer or in the method layer but
 * not in both. The features in the result layer have attributes from
 * both input and method layers. For features which represent areas
 * that are only in the input or in the method layer the respective
 * attributes have undefined values. The schema of the result layer
 * can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is initialized to
 * contain all fields in the input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer (even if it is undefined).
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set it to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, or LineStrings to MultiLineStrings.
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_SymDifference().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::SymDifference(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                               char **papszOptions,
                               GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnMethod = pLayerMethod->GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryInputFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    int *mapMethod = nullptr;
    double progress_max =
        static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE)) +
        static_cast<double>(pLayerMethod->GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::SymDifference() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }

    // get resources
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(this, &pGeometryInputFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnMethod, &mapMethod);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, poDefnMethod, mapInput,
                            mapMethod, true, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();

    // add features based on input layer
    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom(
            x_geom
                ->clone());  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
            {
                continue;
            }
            if (geom)
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom_new(geom->Difference(y_geom));
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || geom_new == nullptr)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    geom.swap(geom_new);
                }
            }
            if (geom && geom->IsEmpty())
                break;
        }

        if (geom && !geom->IsEmpty())
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                geom.reset(promote_to_multi(geom.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(geom.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // restore filter on method layer and add features based on it
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    for (auto &&x : pLayerMethod)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on input layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(this, pGeometryInputFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom(
            x_geom
                ->clone());  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        for (auto &&y : this)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
                continue;
            if (geom)
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom_new(geom->Difference(y_geom));
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || geom_new == nullptr)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    geom.swap(geom_new);
                }
            }
            if (geom == nullptr || geom->IsEmpty())
                break;
        }

        if (geom && !geom->IsEmpty())
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapMethod);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                geom.reset(promote_to_multi(geom.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(geom.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryInputFilter);
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (pGeometryInputFilter)
        delete pGeometryInputFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    if (mapMethod)
        VSIFree(mapMethod);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                        OGR_L_SymDifference()                         */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Symmetrical difference of two layers.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in either in the input layer or in the method layer but
 * not in both. The features in the result layer have attributes from
 * both input and method layers. For features which represent areas
 * that are only in the input or in the method layer the respective
 * attributes have undefined values. The schema of the result layer
 * can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is initialized to
 * contain all fields in the input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer (even if it is undefined).
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::SymDifference().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_SymDifference(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                           OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                           GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_SymDifference",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_SymDifference",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_SymDifference",
                      OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->SymDifference(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
                        OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions,
                        pfnProgress, pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                            Identity()                                */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Identify the features of this layer with the ones from the
 * identity layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in the input layer. The features in the result layer have
 * attributes from both input and method layers. The schema of the
 * result layer can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is
 * initialized to contain all fields in input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer (even if it is undefined).
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to not use prepared
 *     geometries to pretest intersection of features of method layer
 *     with features of this layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to skip
 *     result features with lower dimension geometry that would
 *     otherwise be added to the result layer. The default is YES, to add
 *     features with lower dimension geometry, but only if the result layer
 *     has an unknown geometry type.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_Identity().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::Identity(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                          char **papszOptions, GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                          void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnMethod = pLayerMethod->GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    int *mapMethod = nullptr;
    double progress_max = static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));
    const bool bUsePreparedGeometries = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES", "YES"));
    bool bKeepLowerDimGeom = CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(
        papszOptions, "KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES", "YES"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::Identity() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }
    if (bKeepLowerDimGeom)
    {
        // require that the result layer is of geom type unknown
        if (pLayerResult->GetGeomType() != wkbUnknown)
        {
            CPLDebug("OGR", "Resetting KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES to NO "
                            "since the result layer does not allow it.");
            bKeepLowerDimGeom = FALSE;
        }
    }

    // get resources
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnMethod, &mapMethod);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, poDefnMethod, mapInput,
                            mapMethod, true, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();

    // split the features in input layer to the result layer
    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRPreparedGeometryUniquePtr x_prepared_geom;
        if (bUsePreparedGeometries)
        {
            x_prepared_geom.reset(
                OGRCreatePreparedGeometry(OGRGeometry::ToHandle(x_geom)));
            if (!x_prepared_geom)
            {
                goto done;
            }
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff(
            x_geom
                ->clone());  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
                continue;

            CPLErrorReset();
            if (x_prepared_geom &&
                !(OGRPreparedGeometryIntersects(x_prepared_geom.get(),
                                                OGRGeometry::ToHandle(y_geom))))
            {
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() == CE_None)
                {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }

            CPLErrorReset();
            OGRGeometryUniquePtr poIntersection(x_geom->Intersection(y_geom));
            if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || poIntersection == nullptr)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
            else if (poIntersection->IsEmpty() ||
                     (!bKeepLowerDimGeom &&
                      (x_geom->getDimension() == y_geom->getDimension() &&
                       poIntersection->getDimension() <
                           x_geom->getDimension())))
            {
                /* ok*/
            }
            else
            {
                OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
                z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
                z->SetFieldsFrom(y.get(), mapMethod);
                if (bPromoteToMulti)
                    poIntersection.reset(
                        promote_to_multi(poIntersection.release()));
                z->SetGeometryDirectly(poIntersection.release());
                if (x_geom_diff)
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff_new(
                        x_geom_diff->Difference(y_geom));
                    if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None ||
                        x_geom_diff_new == nullptr)
                    {
                        if (!bSkipFailures)
                        {
                            ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                            goto done;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            CPLErrorReset();
                        }
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        x_geom_diff.swap(x_geom_diff_new);
                    }
                }
                ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
                if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        x_prepared_geom.reset();

        if (x_geom_diff == nullptr || x_geom_diff->IsEmpty())
        {
            /* ok */
        }
        else
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                x_geom_diff.reset(promote_to_multi(x_geom_diff.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(x_geom_diff.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    if (mapMethod)
        VSIFree(mapMethod);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_Identity()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Identify the features of this layer with the ones from the
 * identity layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in the input layer. The features in the result layer have
 * attributes from both input and method layers. The schema of the
 * result layer can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is
 * initialized to contain all fields in input and method layers.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in input and in method
 * layer, then the attribute in the result feature will get the value
 * from the feature of the method layer (even if it is undefined).
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>USE_PREPARED_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to not use prepared
 *     geometries to pretest intersection of features of method layer
 *     with features of this layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>KEEP_LOWER_DIMENSION_GEOMETRIES=YES/NO. Set to NO to skip
 *     result features with lower dimension geometry that would
 *     otherwise be added to the result layer. The default is YES, to add
 *     features with lower dimension geometry, but only if the result layer
 *     has an unknown geometry type.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::Identity().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_Identity(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                      OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                      GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_Identity", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_Identity", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_Identity", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->Identity(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
                   OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions,
                   pfnProgress, pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             Update()                                 */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Update this layer with features from the update layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are either in the input layer or in the method layer. The
 * features in the result layer have areas of the features of the
 * method layer or those ares of the features of the input layer that
 * are not covered by the method layer. The features of the result
 * layer get their attributes from the input layer. The schema of the
 * result layer can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is
 * initialized to contain all fields in the input layer.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in the method layer, then
 * the attribute in the result feature the originates from the method
 * layer will get the value from the feature of the method layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_Update().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::Update(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                        char **papszOptions, GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                        void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnMethod = pLayerMethod->GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    int *mapMethod = nullptr;
    double progress_max =
        static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE)) +
        static_cast<double>(pLayerMethod->GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::Update() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }

    // get resources
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnMethod, &mapMethod);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, poDefnMethod, mapInput,
                            mapMethod, false, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();

    // add clipped features from the input layer
    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff(
            x_geom->clone());  // this will be the geometry of a result feature
        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
                continue;
            if (x_geom_diff)
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                OGRGeometryUniquePtr x_geom_diff_new(
                    x_geom_diff->Difference(y_geom));
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None ||
                    x_geom_diff_new == nullptr)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    x_geom_diff.swap(x_geom_diff_new);
                }
            }
        }

        if (x_geom_diff == nullptr || x_geom_diff->IsEmpty())
        {
            /* ok */
        }
        else
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                x_geom_diff.reset(promote_to_multi(x_geom_diff.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(x_geom_diff.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // restore the original filter and add features from the update layer
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->StealGeometry();
        if (!y_geom)
            continue;
        OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
        if (mapMethod)
            z->SetFieldsFrom(y.get(), mapMethod);
        z->SetGeometryDirectly(y_geom);
        ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
        if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    if (mapMethod)
        VSIFree(mapMethod);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_Update()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Update this layer with features from the update layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are either in the input layer or in the method layer. The
 * features in the result layer have areas of the features of the
 * method layer or those ares of the features of the input layer that
 * are not covered by the method layer. The features of the result
 * layer get their attributes from the input layer. The schema of the
 * result layer can be set by the user or, if it is empty, is
 * initialized to contain all fields in the input layer.
 *
 * \note If the schema of the result is set by user and contains
 * fields that have the same name as a field in the method layer, then
 * the attribute in the result feature the originates from the method
 * layer will get the value from the feature of the method layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::Update().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_Update(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                    OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                    GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_Update", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_Update", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_Update", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->Update(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
                 OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions, pfnProgress,
                 pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              Clip()                                  */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Clip off areas that are not covered by the method layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in the input layer and in the method layer. The features
 * in the result layer have the (possibly clipped) areas of features
 * in the input layer and the attributes from the same features. The
 * schema of the result layer can be set by the user or, if it is
 * empty, is initialized to contain all fields in the input layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_Clip().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::Clip(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                      char **papszOptions, GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                      void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    double progress_max = static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::Clip() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }

    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, nullptr, mapInput,
                            nullptr, false, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;

    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();
    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr
            geom;  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        // incrementally add area from y to geom
        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
                continue;
            if (!geom)
            {
                geom.reset(y_geom->clone());
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom_new(geom->Union(y_geom));
                if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || geom_new == nullptr)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    geom.swap(geom_new);
                }
            }
        }

        // possibly add a new feature with area x intersection sum of y
        if (geom)
        {
            CPLErrorReset();
            OGRGeometryUniquePtr poIntersection(
                x_geom->Intersection(geom.get()));
            if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || poIntersection == nullptr)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
            else if (!poIntersection->IsEmpty())
            {
                OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
                z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
                if (bPromoteToMulti)
                    poIntersection.reset(
                        promote_to_multi(poIntersection.release()));
                z->SetGeometryDirectly(poIntersection.release());
                ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
                if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
                {
                    if (!bSkipFailures)
                    {
                        goto done;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        CPLErrorReset();
                        ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGR_L_Clip()                               */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Clip off areas that are not covered by the method layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in the input layer and in the method layer. The features
 * in the result layer have the (possibly clipped) areas of features
 * in the input layer and the attributes from the same features. The
 * schema of the result layer can be set by the user or, if it is
 * empty, is initialized to contain all fields in the input layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::Clip().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_Clip(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                  OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                  GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_Clip", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_Clip", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_Clip", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->Clip(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
               OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions, pfnProgress,
               pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              Erase()                                 */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Remove areas that are covered by the method layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in the input layer but not in the method layer. The
 * features in the result layer have attributes from the input
 * layer. The schema of the result layer can be set by the user or, if
 * it is empty, is initialized to contain all fields in the input
 * layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_Erase().
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGRLayer::Erase(OGRLayer *pLayerMethod, OGRLayer *pLayerResult,
                       char **papszOptions, GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                       void *pProgressArg)
{
    OGRErr ret = OGRERR_NONE;
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnInput = GetLayerDefn();
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefnResult = nullptr;
    OGRGeometry *pGeometryMethodFilter = nullptr;
    int *mapInput = nullptr;
    double progress_max = static_cast<double>(GetFeatureCount(FALSE));
    double progress_counter = 0;
    double progress_ticker = 0;
    const bool bSkipFailures =
        CPLTestBool(CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "SKIP_FAILURES", "NO"));
    const bool bPromoteToMulti = CPLTestBool(
        CSLFetchNameValueDef(papszOptions, "PROMOTE_TO_MULTI", "NO"));

    // check for GEOS
    if (!OGRGeometryFactory::haveGEOS())
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
                 "OGRLayer::Erase() requires GEOS support");
        return OGRERR_UNSUPPORTED_OPERATION;
    }

    // get resources
    ret = clone_spatial_filter(pLayerMethod, &pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = create_field_map(poDefnInput, &mapInput);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    ret = set_result_schema(pLayerResult, poDefnInput, nullptr, mapInput,
                            nullptr, false, papszOptions);
    if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
        goto done;
    poDefnResult = pLayerResult->GetLayerDefn();

    for (auto &&x : this)
    {

        if (pfnProgress)
        {
            double p = progress_counter / progress_max;
            if (p > progress_ticker)
            {
                if (!pfnProgress(p, "", pProgressArg))
                {
                    CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
            }
            progress_counter += 1.0;
        }

        // set up the filter on the method layer
        CPLErrorReset();
        OGRGeometry *x_geom =
            set_filter_from(pLayerMethod, pGeometryMethodFilter, x.get());
        if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None)
        {
            if (!bSkipFailures)
            {
                ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                goto done;
            }
            else
            {
                CPLErrorReset();
                ret = OGRERR_NONE;
            }
        }
        if (!x_geom)
        {
            continue;
        }

        OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom(
            x_geom
                ->clone());  // this will be the geometry of the result feature
        // incrementally erase y from geom
        for (auto &&y : pLayerMethod)
        {
            OGRGeometry *y_geom = y->GetGeometryRef();
            if (!y_geom)
                continue;
            CPLErrorReset();
            OGRGeometryUniquePtr geom_new(geom->Difference(y_geom));
            if (CPLGetLastErrorType() != CE_None || geom_new == nullptr)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
            else
            {
                geom.swap(geom_new);
                if (geom->IsEmpty())
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        // add a new feature if there is remaining area
        if (!geom->IsEmpty())
        {
            OGRFeatureUniquePtr z(new OGRFeature(poDefnResult));
            z->SetFieldsFrom(x.get(), mapInput);
            if (bPromoteToMulti)
                geom.reset(promote_to_multi(geom.release()));
            z->SetGeometryDirectly(geom.release());
            ret = pLayerResult->CreateFeature(z.get());
            if (ret != OGRERR_NONE)
            {
                if (!bSkipFailures)
                {
                    goto done;
                }
                else
                {
                    CPLErrorReset();
                    ret = OGRERR_NONE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(1.0, "", pProgressArg))
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_UserInterrupt, "User terminated");
        ret = OGRERR_FAILURE;
        goto done;
    }
done:
    // release resources
    pLayerMethod->SetSpatialFilter(pGeometryMethodFilter);
    if (pGeometryMethodFilter)
        delete pGeometryMethodFilter;
    if (mapInput)
        VSIFree(mapInput);
    return ret;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                           OGR_L_Erase()                              */
/************************************************************************/

/**
 * \brief Remove areas that are covered by the method layer.
 *
 * The result layer contains features whose geometries represent areas
 * that are in the input layer but not in the method layer. The
 * features in the result layer have attributes from the input
 * layer. The schema of the result layer can be set by the user or, if
 * it is empty, is initialized to contain all fields in the input
 * layer.
 *
 * \note For best performance use the minimum amount of features in
 * the method layer and copy it into a memory layer.
 *
 * \note This method relies on GEOS support. Do not use unless the
 * GEOS support is compiled in.
 *
 * The recognized list of options is :
 * <ul>
 * <li>SKIP_FAILURES=YES/NO. Set it to YES to go on, even when a
 *     feature could not be inserted or a GEOS call failed.
 * </li>
 * <li>PROMOTE_TO_MULTI=YES/NO. Set to YES to convert Polygons
 *     into MultiPolygons, LineStrings to MultiLineStrings or
 *     Points to MultiPoints (only since GDAL 3.9.2 for the later)
 * </li>
 * <li>INPUT_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the input layer.
 * </li>
 * <li>METHOD_PREFIX=string. Set a prefix for the field names that
 *     will be created from the fields of the method layer.
 * </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::Erase().
 *
 * @param pLayerInput the input layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerMethod the method layer. Should not be NULL.
 *
 * @param pLayerResult the layer where the features resulting from the
 * operation are inserted. Should not be NULL. See above the note
 * about the schema.
 *
 * @param papszOptions NULL terminated list of options (may be NULL).
 *
 * @param pfnProgress a GDALProgressFunc() compatible callback function for
 * reporting progress or NULL.
 *
 * @param pProgressArg argument to be passed to pfnProgress. May be NULL.
 *
 * @return an error code if there was an error or the execution was
 * interrupted, OGRERR_NONE otherwise.
 *
 * @note The first geometry field is always used.
 *
 * @since OGR 1.10
 */

OGRErr OGR_L_Erase(OGRLayerH pLayerInput, OGRLayerH pLayerMethod,
                   OGRLayerH pLayerResult, char **papszOptions,
                   GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressArg)

{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerInput, "OGR_L_Erase", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerMethod, "OGR_L_Erase", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pLayerResult, "OGR_L_Erase", OGRERR_INVALID_HANDLE);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerInput)
        ->Erase(OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerMethod),
                OGRLayer::FromHandle(pLayerResult), papszOptions, pfnProgress,
                pProgressArg);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                  OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::Private                  */
/************************************************************************/

struct OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::Private
{
    CPL_DISALLOW_COPY_ASSIGN(Private)
    Private() = default;

    OGRFeatureUniquePtr m_poFeature{};
    OGRLayer *m_poLayer = nullptr;
    bool m_bError = false;
    bool m_bEOF = true;
};

/************************************************************************/
/*                OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::FeatureIterator()          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::FeatureIterator(OGRLayer *poLayer, bool bStart)
    : m_poPrivate(new OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::Private())
{
    m_poPrivate->m_poLayer = poLayer;
    if (bStart)
    {
        if (m_poPrivate->m_poLayer->m_poPrivate->m_bInFeatureIterator)
        {
            CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_NotSupported,
                     "Only one feature iterator can be "
                     "active at a time");
            m_poPrivate->m_bError = true;
        }
        else
        {
            m_poPrivate->m_poLayer->ResetReading();
            m_poPrivate->m_poFeature.reset(
                m_poPrivate->m_poLayer->GetNextFeature());
            m_poPrivate->m_bEOF = m_poPrivate->m_poFeature == nullptr;
            m_poPrivate->m_poLayer->m_poPrivate->m_bInFeatureIterator = true;
        }
    }
}

/************************************************************************/
/*               ~OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::FeatureIterator()          */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::~FeatureIterator()
{
    if (!m_poPrivate->m_bError && m_poPrivate->m_poLayer)
        m_poPrivate->m_poLayer->m_poPrivate->m_bInFeatureIterator = false;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              operator*()                             */
/************************************************************************/

OGRFeatureUniquePtr &OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::operator*()
{
    return m_poPrivate->m_poFeature;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                              operator++()                            */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::FeatureIterator &OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::operator++()
{
    m_poPrivate->m_poFeature.reset(m_poPrivate->m_poLayer->GetNextFeature());
    m_poPrivate->m_bEOF = m_poPrivate->m_poFeature == nullptr;
    return *this;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             operator!=()                             */
/************************************************************************/

bool OGRLayer::FeatureIterator::operator!=(
    const OGRLayer::FeatureIterator &it) const
{
    return m_poPrivate->m_bEOF != it.m_poPrivate->m_bEOF;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                                 begin()                              */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::FeatureIterator OGRLayer::begin()
{
    return {this, true};
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                                  end()                               */
/************************************************************************/

OGRLayer::FeatureIterator OGRLayer::end()
{
    return {this, false};
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                     OGRLayer::GetGeometryTypes()                     */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Get actual geometry types found in features.
 *
 * This method iterates over features to retrieve their geometry types. This
 * is mostly useful for layers that report a wkbUnknown geometry type with
 * GetGeomType() or GetGeomFieldDefn(iGeomField)->GetType().
 *
 * By default this method returns an array of nEntryCount entries with each
 * geometry type (in OGRGeometryTypeCounter::eGeomType) and the corresponding
 * number of features (in OGRGeometryTypeCounter::nCount).
 * Features without geometries are reported as eGeomType == wkbNone.
 *
 * The nFlagsGGT parameter can be a combination (with binary or operator) of the
 * following hints:
 * <ul>
 * <li>OGR_GGT_COUNT_NOT_NEEDED: to indicate that only the set of geometry types
 * matter, not the number of features per geometry type. Consequently the value
 * of OGRGeometryTypeCounter::nCount should be ignored.</li>
 * <li>OGR_GGT_STOP_IF_MIXED: to indicate that the implementation may stop
 * iterating over features as soon as 2 different geometry types (not counting
 * null geometries) are found. The value of OGRGeometryTypeCounter::nCount
 * should be ignored (zero might be systematically reported by some
 * implementations).</li> <li>OGR_GGT_GEOMCOLLECTIONZ_TINZ: to indicate that if
 * a geometry is of type wkbGeometryCollection25D and its first sub-geometry is
 * of type wkbTINZ, wkbTINZ should be reported as geometry type. This is mostly
 * useful for the ESRI Shapefile and (Open)FileGDB drivers regarding MultiPatch
 * geometries.</li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * If the layer has no features, a non-NULL returned array with nEntryCount == 0
 * will be returned.
 *
 * Spatial and/or attribute filters will be taken into account.
 *
 * This method will error out on a layer without geometry fields
 * (GetGeomType() == wkbNone).
 *
 * A cancellation callback may be provided. The progress percentage it is called
 * with is not relevant. The callback should return TRUE if processing should go
 * on, or FALSE if it should be interrupted.
 *
 * @param iGeomField Geometry field index.
 * @param nFlagsGGT Hint flags. 0, or combination of OGR_GGT_COUNT_NOT_NEEDED,
 *                  OGR_GGT_STOP_IF_MIXED, OGR_GGT_GEOMCOLLECTIONZ_TINZ
 * @param[out] nEntryCountOut Number of entries in the returned array.
 * @param pfnProgress Cancellation callback. May be NULL.
 * @param pProgressData User data for the cancellation callback. May be NULL.
 * @return an array of nEntryCount that must be freed with CPLFree(),
 *         or NULL in case of error
 * @since GDAL 3.6
 */
OGRGeometryTypeCounter *
OGRLayer::GetGeometryTypes(int iGeomField, int nFlagsGGT, int &nEntryCountOut,
                           GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress, void *pProgressData)
{
    OGRFeatureDefn *poDefn = GetLayerDefn();
    const int nGeomFieldCount = poDefn->GetGeomFieldCount();
    if (iGeomField < 0 || iGeomField >= nGeomFieldCount)
    {
        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined, "Invalid value for iGeomField");
        nEntryCountOut = 0;
        return nullptr;
    }

    // Ignore all fields but the geometry one of interest
    CPLStringList aosIgnoredFieldsRestore;
    CPLStringList aosIgnoredFields;
    const int nFieldCount = poDefn->GetFieldCount();
    for (int iField = 0; iField < nFieldCount; iField++)
    {
        const auto poFieldDefn = poDefn->GetFieldDefn(iField);
        const char *pszName = poFieldDefn->GetNameRef();
        if (poFieldDefn->IsIgnored())
            aosIgnoredFieldsRestore.AddString(pszName);
        if (iField != iGeomField)
            aosIgnoredFields.AddString(pszName);
    }
    for (int iField = 0; iField < nGeomFieldCount; iField++)
    {
        const auto poFieldDefn = poDefn->GetGeomFieldDefn(iField);
        const char *pszName = poFieldDefn->GetNameRef();
        if (poFieldDefn->IsIgnored())
            aosIgnoredFieldsRestore.AddString(pszName);
        if (iField != iGeomField)
            aosIgnoredFields.AddString(pszName);
    }
    if (poDefn->IsStyleIgnored())
        aosIgnoredFieldsRestore.AddString("OGR_STYLE");
    aosIgnoredFields.AddString("OGR_STYLE");
    SetIgnoredFields(aosIgnoredFields.List());

    // Iterate over features
    std::map<OGRwkbGeometryType, int64_t> oMapCount;
    std::set<OGRwkbGeometryType> oSetNotNull;
    const bool bGeomCollectionZTInZ =
        (nFlagsGGT & OGR_GGT_GEOMCOLLECTIONZ_TINZ) != 0;
    const bool bStopIfMixed = (nFlagsGGT & OGR_GGT_STOP_IF_MIXED) != 0;
    if (pfnProgress == GDALDummyProgress)
        pfnProgress = nullptr;
    bool bInterrupted = false;
    for (auto &&poFeature : *this)
    {
        const auto poGeom = poFeature->GetGeomFieldRef(iGeomField);
        if (poGeom == nullptr)
        {
            ++oMapCount[wkbNone];
        }
        else
        {
            auto eGeomType = poGeom->getGeometryType();
            if (bGeomCollectionZTInZ && eGeomType == wkbGeometryCollection25D)
            {
                const auto poGC = poGeom->toGeometryCollection();
                if (poGC->getNumGeometries() > 0)
                {
                    auto eSubGeomType =
                        poGC->getGeometryRef(0)->getGeometryType();
                    if (eSubGeomType == wkbTINZ)
                        eGeomType = wkbTINZ;
                }
            }
            ++oMapCount[eGeomType];
            if (bStopIfMixed)
            {
                oSetNotNull.insert(eGeomType);
                if (oSetNotNull.size() == 2)
                    break;
            }
        }
        if (pfnProgress && !pfnProgress(0.0, "", pProgressData))
        {
            bInterrupted = true;
            break;
        }
    }

    // Restore ignore fields state
    SetIgnoredFields(aosIgnoredFieldsRestore.List());

    if (bInterrupted)
    {
        nEntryCountOut = 0;
        return nullptr;
    }

    // Format result
    nEntryCountOut = static_cast<int>(oMapCount.size());
    OGRGeometryTypeCounter *pasRet = static_cast<OGRGeometryTypeCounter *>(
        CPLCalloc(1 + nEntryCountOut, sizeof(OGRGeometryTypeCounter)));
    int i = 0;
    for (const auto &oIter : oMapCount)
    {
        pasRet[i].eGeomType = oIter.first;
        pasRet[i].nCount = oIter.second;
        ++i;
    }
    return pasRet;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                      OGR_L_GetGeometryTypes()                        */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Get actual geometry types found in features.
 *
 * See OGRLayer::GetGeometryTypes() for details.
 *
 * @param hLayer Layer.
 * @param iGeomField Geometry field index.
 * @param nFlags Hint flags. 0, or combination of OGR_GGT_COUNT_NOT_NEEDED,
 *               OGR_GGT_STOP_IF_MIXED, OGR_GGT_GEOMCOLLECTIONZ_TINZ
 * @param[out] pnEntryCount Pointer to the number of entries in the returned
 *                          array. Must not be NULL.
 * @param pfnProgress Cancellation callback. May be NULL.
 * @param pProgressData User data for the cancellation callback. May be NULL.
 * @return an array of *pnEntryCount that must be freed with CPLFree(),
 *         or NULL in case of error
 * @since GDAL 3.6
 */
OGRGeometryTypeCounter *OGR_L_GetGeometryTypes(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                                               int nFlags, int *pnEntryCount,
                                               GDALProgressFunc pfnProgress,
                                               void *pProgressData)
{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetGeometryTypes", nullptr);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pnEntryCount, "OGR_L_GetGeometryTypes", nullptr);

    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetGeometryTypes(
        iGeomField, nFlags, *pnEntryCount, pfnProgress, pProgressData);
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                    OGRLayer::GetSupportedSRSList()                   */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Get the list of SRS supported.
 *
 * The base implementation of this method will return an empty list. Some
 * drivers (OAPIF, WFS) may return a non-empty list.
 *
 * One of the SRS returned may be passed to SetActiveSRS() to change the
 * active SRS.
 *
 * @param iGeomField Geometry field index.
 * @return list of supported SRS.
 * @since GDAL 3.7
 */
const OGRLayer::GetSupportedSRSListRetType &
OGRLayer::GetSupportedSRSList(CPL_UNUSED int iGeomField)
{
    static OGRLayer::GetSupportedSRSListRetType empty;
    return empty;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                    OGR_L_GetSupportedSRSList()                       */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Get the list of SRS supported.
 *
 * The base implementation of this method will return an empty list. Some
 * drivers (OAPIF, WFS) may return a non-empty list.
 *
 * One of the SRS returned may be passed to SetActiveSRS() to change the
 * active SRS.
 *
 * @param hLayer Layer.
 * @param iGeomField Geometry field index.
 * @param[out] pnCount Number of values in returned array. Must not be null.
 * @return list of supported SRS, to be freed with OSRFreeSRSArray(), or
 * nullptr
 * @since GDAL 3.7
 */
OGRSpatialReferenceH *OGR_L_GetSupportedSRSList(OGRLayerH hLayer,
                                                int iGeomField, int *pnCount)
{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetSupportedSRSList", nullptr);
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(pnCount, "OGR_L_GetSupportedSRSList", nullptr);

    const auto &srsList =
        OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetSupportedSRSList(iGeomField);
    *pnCount = static_cast<int>(srsList.size());
    if (srsList.empty())
    {
        return nullptr;
    }
    OGRSpatialReferenceH *pahRet = static_cast<OGRSpatialReferenceH *>(
        CPLMalloc((1 + srsList.size()) * sizeof(OGRSpatialReferenceH)));
    size_t i = 0;
    for (const auto &poSRS : srsList)
    {
        poSRS->Reference();
        pahRet[i] = OGRSpatialReference::ToHandle(poSRS.get());
        ++i;
    }
    pahRet[i] = nullptr;
    return pahRet;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                       OGRLayer::SetActiveSRS()                       */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Change the active SRS.
 *
 * The passed SRS must be in the list returned by GetSupportedSRSList()
 * (the actual pointer may be different, but should be tested as identical
 * with OGRSpatialReference::IsSame()).
 *
 * Changing the active SRS affects:
 * <ul>
 * <li>the SRS in which geometries of returned features are expressed,</li>
 * <li>the SRS in which geometries of passed features (CreateFeature(),
 * SetFeature()) are expressed,</li>
 * <li>the SRS returned by GetSpatialRef() and
 * GetGeomFieldDefn()->GetSpatialRef(),</li>
 * <li>the SRS used to interpret SetSpatialFilter() values.</li>
 * </ul>
 * This also resets feature reading and the spatial filter.
 * Note however that this does not modify the storage SRS of the features of
 * geometries. Said otherwise, this setting is volatile and has no persistent
 * effects after dataset reopening.
 *
 * @param iGeomField Geometry field index.
 * @param poSRS SRS to use
 * @return OGRERR_NONE in case of success, or OGRERR_FAILURE if
 *         the passed SRS is not in GetSupportedSRSList()
 * @since GDAL 3.7
 */
OGRErr OGRLayer::SetActiveSRS(CPL_UNUSED int iGeomField,
                              CPL_UNUSED const OGRSpatialReference *poSRS)
{
    return OGRERR_FAILURE;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                         OGR_L_SetActiveSRS()                         */
/************************************************************************/

/** \brief Change the active SRS.
 *
 * The passed SRS must be in the list returned by GetSupportedSRSList()
 * (the actual pointer may be different, but should be tested as identical
 * with OGRSpatialReference::IsSame()).
 *
 * Changing the active SRS affects:
 * <ul>
 * <li>the SRS in which geometries of returned features are expressed,</li>
 * <li>the SRS in which geometries of passed features (CreateFeature(),
 * SetFeature()) are expressed,</li>
 * <li>the SRS returned by GetSpatialRef() and
 * GetGeomFieldDefn()->GetSpatialRef(),</li>
 * <li>the SRS used to interpret SetSpatialFilter() values.</li>
 * </ul>
 * This also resets feature reading and the spatial filter.
 * Note however that this does not modify the storage SRS of the features of
 * geometries. Said otherwise, this setting is volatile and has no persistent
 * effects after dataset reopening.
 *
 * @param hLayer Layer.
 * @param iGeomField Geometry field index.
 * @param hSRS SRS to use
 * @return OGRERR_NONE in case of success, OGRERR_FAILURE if
 *         the passed SRS is not in GetSupportedSRSList().
 * @since GDAL 3.7
 */
OGRErr OGR_L_SetActiveSRS(OGRLayerH hLayer, int iGeomField,
                          OGRSpatialReferenceH hSRS)
{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_SetActiveSRS", OGRERR_FAILURE);
    return OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->SetActiveSRS(
        iGeomField, OGRSpatialReference::FromHandle(hSRS));
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                             GetDataset()                             */
/************************************************************************/

/** Return the dataset associated with this layer.
 *
 * As of GDAL 3.9, GetDataset() is implemented on all in-tree drivers that
 * have CreateLayer() capability. It may not be implemented in read-only
 * drivers or out-of-tree drivers.
 *
 * It is currently only used by the GetRecordBatchSchema()
 * method to retrieve the field domain associated with a field, to fill the
 * dictionary field of a struct ArrowSchema.
 * It is also used by CreateFieldFromArrowSchema() to determine which field
 * types and subtypes are supported by the layer, by inspecting the driver
 * metadata, and potentially use fallback types when needed.
 *
 * This method is the same as the C function OGR_L_GetDataset().
 *
 * @return dataset, or nullptr when unknown.
 * @since GDAL 3.6
 */
GDALDataset *OGRLayer::GetDataset()
{
    return nullptr;
}

/************************************************************************/
/*                          OGR_L_GetDataset()                          */
/************************************************************************/

/** Return the dataset associated with this layer.
 *
 * As of GDAL 3.9, GetDataset() is implemented on all in-tree drivers that
 * have CreateLayer() capability. It may not be implemented in read-only
 * drivers or out-of-tree drivers.
 *
 * It is currently only used by the GetRecordBatchSchema()
 * method to retrieve the field domain associated with a field, to fill the
 * dictionary field of a struct ArrowSchema.
 * It is also used by CreateFieldFromArrowSchema() to determine which field
 * types and subtypes are supported by the layer, by inspecting the driver
 * metadata, and potentially use fallback types when needed.
 *
 * This function is the same as the C++ method OGRLayer::GetDataset().
 *
 * @return dataset, or nullptr when unknown.
 * @since GDAL 3.9
 */
GDALDatasetH OGR_L_GetDataset(OGRLayerH hLayer)
{
    VALIDATE_POINTER1(hLayer, "OGR_L_GetDataset", nullptr);
    return GDALDataset::ToHandle(OGRLayer::FromHandle(hLayer)->GetDataset());
}
